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Miopia Em Marketing: Uma Análise.

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Miopia Em Marketing: Uma Análise.
Miopia é uma doença que afeta o olho humano, impedindo que as imagens se formem claramente. Mas esse conceito toma uma nova dimensão no artigo “Miopia em Marketing (Marketing Myopia, Harvard Business Review – 1960), escrito há cinco décadas pelo alemão, ex-professor de Harvard, Theodore Levitt (1925 – 2006). De acordo com Levitt, os gestores responsáveis pelas estratégias de marketing das empresas concentram-se no produto, acreditando que os clientes irão comprá-lo por suas características próprias, esquecendo que, na verdade, o cliente procura um produto que supra uma necessidade através da sua utilidade. Por tanto, o foco desses gestores deveria estar em como seu produto atende a necessidade do cliente e não no produto em si. É esse equívoco no foco que o autor denomina “Miopia em Marketing”.

Tomando o exemplo, citado no artigo, das companhias ferroviárias americanas, é fácil perceber a que o autor se refere. Essas empresas falharam em perceber que, na verdade, vendiam o transporte de pessoas ou bens de um ponto ao outro, e não simplesmente trilhos e vagões de trem. Com o advento de novos meios de transporte, como o avião, que supriram a necessidade de transpote com maior rapidez e eficiência, as tradicionais companhias ferroviárias viram a demanda por seu produto reduzir de “braços cruzados”. Levitt sugere que, se não estivessem tão seguros da invencibilidade de seu produto e estivessem mais atentos à necessidade dos consumidores, as empresas de transporte ferroviário poderiam ter sido as primeiras a inovar em novos meios de transporte e, assim, continuar a atender a demanda.

Com esse raciocínio chega-se a conclusão que um consumidor busca comprar o produto que melhor corresponda a sua necessidade, dentro da sua capacidade econômica. Por isso, o negócio das empresas não deve ser considerado a venda de um produto ou serviço, e sim a satisfação dos desejos e necessidades de seus clientes. Consequentemente, esse deve ser o objetivo da política de marketing de

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