Mass Tourism
MASS TOURISM
BROAD TRENDS IN TOURISM AND TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY 1. Shifting from traditional mass tourism to individual travelling 2. Shifting from long-haul to shorter break visits 3. IT times: E-commerce 4. Polarization between ‘big’ and ‘small’ players 5. Various traveling purposes, dominated by ‘holiday’ and ‘VFR’ travellers 6. A globalized destination era 7. Sustainable and pro-poor tourism become popular in many of the LDCs 8. Stronger environmental concern
THE TRADITIONAL MASS MODEL: TOURISM (WRIGHT, 2002) * Package holidays: the ‘Fordist’ model of production * Instead of black Ford cars mass produced by a factory, we have mass tourism packaged by tour operators and sold by travel agents * Standardised product: “the unholy quartet” (Rivers, 1972) * The 4 Ss: sun, sea, sand & sex/sangria/souvenir model * Shifting holidays to (mainly) Mediterranean holiday resorts based in large-scale purpose-built resorts or ‘enclaves * Two-weeks long holidays booked in advance
HOW DID MASS TOURISM BECOME AFFORDABLE AND AFFORDABLE * Surplus aeroplanes, airfields and pilots following WWII * Later, invention of the jet engine * ‘Package holidays’ concept was inexpensive * Large scale tourism developments in the Mediterranean * Rising disposable income & increased leisure time in the cold, northern European countries - growing affluence * Growing interest in culture and heritage, nature-based tourism and sex tourism
PACKAGE HOLIDAY (INCLUSIVE TOUR)
Product consisting of single services, usually transport, transfer, catering, accommodation, insurance and guide
(+ car rental, activities, facultative excursions) advertised and sold together by tour operator.
A NEW TOURISM * The sun, sea and sex (or sangria) is still very popular however * We have moved from a “Fordist” to a “post-Fordist” consumption.
A NEW TOURISM
Post-Fordist consumption
BROAD TRENDS IN TOURISM AND TRANSPORT IN THE 21ST CENTURY 1. Shifting from traditional mass tourism to individual travelling 2. Shifting from long-haul to shorter break visits 3. IT times: E-commerce 4. Polarization between ‘big’ and ‘small’ players 5. Various traveling purposes, dominated by ‘holiday’ and ‘VFR’ travellers 6. A globalized destination era 7. Sustainable and pro-poor tourism become popular in many of the LDCs 8. Stronger environmental concern
THE TRADITIONAL MASS MODEL: TOURISM (WRIGHT, 2002) * Package holidays: the ‘Fordist’ model of production * Instead of black Ford cars mass produced by a factory, we have mass tourism packaged by tour operators and sold by travel agents * Standardised product: “the unholy quartet” (Rivers, 1972) * The 4 Ss: sun, sea, sand & sex/sangria/souvenir model * Shifting holidays to (mainly) Mediterranean holiday resorts based in large-scale purpose-built resorts or ‘enclaves * Two-weeks long holidays booked in advance
HOW DID MASS TOURISM BECOME AFFORDABLE AND AFFORDABLE * Surplus aeroplanes, airfields and pilots following WWII * Later, invention of the jet engine * ‘Package holidays’ concept was inexpensive * Large scale tourism developments in the Mediterranean * Rising disposable income & increased leisure time in the cold, northern European countries - growing affluence * Growing interest in culture and heritage, nature-based tourism and sex tourism
PACKAGE HOLIDAY (INCLUSIVE TOUR)
Product consisting of single services, usually transport, transfer, catering, accommodation, insurance and guide
(+ car rental, activities, facultative excursions) advertised and sold together by tour operator.
A NEW TOURISM * The sun, sea and sex (or sangria) is still very popular however * We have moved from a “Fordist” to a “post-Fordist” consumption.
A NEW TOURISM
Post-Fordist consumption