Managing Business Organization

Q.1. Management As the world moves through the 21st Century, business is becoming more dependent upon professional managers, who can bring success to an organization. Issues such as globalization and decentralization add to the need for organization's to hire flexible managers capable of leading. A 21st century manager should possess three traits and utilize them to lead organizations: the ability to stimulate change, excellent planning capabilities, and ethics. A manager can be defined as “a person who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to achieve organisational goals” (Robbins, 2003). An organisations management hierarchy can be conventionally categorised in to three levels: the top, middle and first line levels of management. Organisational tasks are distributed among these three levels as such, that the first line managers handle the operational employees (non-managerial staff), middle managers manage the work of first-line managers and top management handles entire organisational decisions and plans. But in the present world a manager cannot be defined in a clear-cut manner. When analysing managerial work around the world, major variations can be found in the anticipated roles and required skills. This is applicable both horizontally and vertically along the organisational hierarchy. The importance placed on managers differ in rank with diverge organisational types, culture and other economical, technological, political and demographical factors.
Henri Fayol’s management functions, planning, organising, leading and controlling are an important categorization of management which we can analyse management styles on. The planning function involves defining goals, developing strategies to achieve them and determining resource allocation to integrate and coordinate activities. The organising function includes the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who does them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who