Makabuhay Plant Extract
A STUDY ON THE IN VITRO ANTIMITOTIC ACTIVITY OF TINOSPORA RUMPHII BOERL (MAKABUHAY) STEM EXTRACT ON A549 NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER CELL LINE WITH NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION AS NEGATIVE CONTROL AND VINCRISTINE AS POSITIVE CONTROL.
Group 09
PBL 1 - Research
Donaldo, Manuel Emerson S., MD MSc.
Butad, Mark Dave Isidore
Estranero, Maria Fatima
Lauro, Kathrina Joy
Manago, Marika Zaphia
Sala, Mikee Beneve
Sy, Florge Francis
Urtal, Sundyne
SY 2012 – 2013
CHAPTER I
Introduction
Background of the study
According to statistics gathered by the World Health Organization, 7.6 million people worldwide died from cancer in the year 2008, accounting to 13% of all deaths. Cancer is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines, and incidence rates are annually increasing especially in low-income and middle-income societies. Although considered a culprit of a big number of deaths, cancer could be prevented; or if already present, cancer could be controlled.
Among the leading causes of cancer in Philippines breast cancer ranks number 1, with 16 percent of a total of 50,000 cases resulting in death. The disease has also become the leading cause of cancer for Filipino women with 9, 184 deaths among both sexes and an estimated 11, 458 new cases in 2010. Breast cancer is a hormone dependent disease. Woman without functioning ovaries who have never received any estrogen-replacement therapy do not develop breast cancer. The female to male ratio is about 150:1. Factors affecting breast cancer incidence in woman includes age of menarche, age at full term pregnancy, and age at menopause. These three factors account 70-80% of the variation in breast cancer frequency, particularly in different countries.
Many procedures have been employed to treat different types of cancer (including breast cancer) by stage. These would include surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy and radiation. Quite a few alternative medical interventions have arisen
Group 09
PBL 1 - Research
Donaldo, Manuel Emerson S., MD MSc.
Butad, Mark Dave Isidore
Estranero, Maria Fatima
Lauro, Kathrina Joy
Manago, Marika Zaphia
Sala, Mikee Beneve
Sy, Florge Francis
Urtal, Sundyne
SY 2012 – 2013
CHAPTER I
Introduction
Background of the study
According to statistics gathered by the World Health Organization, 7.6 million people worldwide died from cancer in the year 2008, accounting to 13% of all deaths. Cancer is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines, and incidence rates are annually increasing especially in low-income and middle-income societies. Although considered a culprit of a big number of deaths, cancer could be prevented; or if already present, cancer could be controlled.
Among the leading causes of cancer in Philippines breast cancer ranks number 1, with 16 percent of a total of 50,000 cases resulting in death. The disease has also become the leading cause of cancer for Filipino women with 9, 184 deaths among both sexes and an estimated 11, 458 new cases in 2010. Breast cancer is a hormone dependent disease. Woman without functioning ovaries who have never received any estrogen-replacement therapy do not develop breast cancer. The female to male ratio is about 150:1. Factors affecting breast cancer incidence in woman includes age of menarche, age at full term pregnancy, and age at menopause. These three factors account 70-80% of the variation in breast cancer frequency, particularly in different countries.
Many procedures have been employed to treat different types of cancer (including breast cancer) by stage. These would include surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy and radiation. Quite a few alternative medical interventions have arisen
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