Mahatma the Great

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
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"Gandhi" redirects here. For other uses, see Gandhi (disambiguation).

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi | | Born | 2 October 1869
Porbandar, Kathiawar Agency,British Indian Empire[1] | Died | 30 January 1948 (aged 78)
New Delhi, Dominion of India | Cause of death | Assassination by shooting | Resting place | Cremated at Rajghat, Delhi.
28.6415°N 77.2483°E | Nationality | Indian | Other names | Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, Gandhiji | Alma mater | Alfred High School, Rajkot,
Samaldas College, Bhavnagar,
Inner Temple, London | Known for | Prominent figure of Indian independence movement, propounding the philosophy ofSatyagraha and Ahimsa advocating non-violence, pacifism | Religion | Hinduism, with Jain influences | Spouse(s) | Kasturba Gandhi | Children | Harilal
Manilal
Ramdas
Devdas | Parents | Putlibai Gandhi (Mother)
Karamchand Gandhi (Father) | Signature | |
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi pronunciation (help·info) (pronounced: [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]; 2 October 1869[1] – 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.[2][3]
The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of

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Lexington Books. p. 34. 9. ^ Todd & Marty (2012), p. 8. The name Gandhi means "grocer", although Mohandas 's father and grandfather were politicians not grocers. 10. ^ Miller (2002), p. 9. 11. ^ a b c Majumudar (2005), pp. 27, 28. 12. ^ Schouten (2008), p. 132. 13. ^ a b c d e f Tendulkar (1951). 14. ^ Sorokin (2002), p. 169. 15. ^ Rudolph & Rudolph (1983), p. 48. 16. ^ a b Mohanty (2011). 17. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "At the High School". 18. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "Playing the Husband". 19. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "My Father 's Death and My Double Shame". 20. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "Preparation for England". 21. ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006), pp. 20–21. 22. ^ a b c d Brown, (1991). 23. ^ Roxanne Reid, ed. (2007). "3". New History of South Africa(First edition ed.). Tafelberg Publishers. pp. 193. ISBN 978-0-624-04359-1. 24. ^ a b Gandhi In South Africa, The Journal Of Modern African Studies, 1969, http://www.jstor.org/stable/159062 25 26. ^ a b Fischer, (2002). 27. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "More Hardships". 28. ^ Gandhi, (1940). Chapter "Some Experiences". 29. ^ Allen, Jeremiah (2011). Sleeping with Strangers: A Vagabond 's Journey Tramping the Globe. Other Places Publishing. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-935850-01-4. 31. ^ Rai, Ajay Shanker (2000). Gandhian Satyagraha: An Analytical And Critical Approach. Concept Publishing Company. p. 35. ISBN 978-81-7022-799-1. 36. ^ a b Beene, Gary (December 2010). The Seeds We Sow: Kindness That Fed a Hungry World. Sunstone Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-86534-788-5. Retrieved 5 October 2012. 37. ^ Herman, (2010). p. 137. 38. ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006), pp. 108–109. 39. ^ Smith, (2006). 40. ^ Prashad, (1966). 41. ^ Claude Markovits (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press. pp. 367–86. 43. ^ Gandhi,(1940). Chapter "Recruiting Campaign". 44. ^ a b Desai, (1930). 45. ^ Gandhi, (1965) Collected Works, Vol 17. Chapter "67. Appeal for enlistment", Nadiad, 22 June 1918 46 47. ^ Andrews (1930). 48. ^ a b Hardiman, (2001). 49. ^ Unattributed (2004). "Satyagraha Laboratories Of Mahatma Gandhi". Indian National Congress website. All India Congress Committee. Archived from the original on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2012. 50. ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006),pp. 196–197. 51. ^ Brown, (1974). pp. 94–102 52 53. ^ Kham, Aqeeluzzafar (1990). "The All-India Muslim Conference and the Origin of the Khilafat Movement in India".Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 38 (2): 155–162. 54. ^ Roberts, W. H. (1923). "A Review of the Gandhi Movement in India". Political Science Quarterly 38 (2): 227–248.JSTOR 2142634. 55. ^ Sugata Bose; Ayesha Jalal (2004). Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy. Psychology Press. pp. 112–14. 56. ^ Judith Margaret Brown (1991). Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope. Yale University Press. pp. 140–47. 57. ^ Wilhelm von Pochhammer (2005). India 's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent. Allied Publishers. p. 440. 58. ^ Sumit Sarkar (1983). Modern India: 1885-1947. Macmillan. p. 233. 59. ^ Claude Markovits, ed. (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press. p. 372. 60. ^ Judith Margaret Brown (1994). Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy. Oxford U. Press. p. 228. 61. ^ Roberts, "A Review of the Gandhi Movement in India",Political Science Quarterly, (1923) p. 229 62 63. ^ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2008). Indian politics and society since independence: events, processes and ideology. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-415-40868-4. Retrieved 4 April 2012. 64. ^ Hardiman, (2003). p. 163 65 66. ^ Unattributed (December 1931). "Gandhi Invents Spinning Wheel". Popular Science (Bonnier Corporation): 60. Retrieved 14 January 2012. 67. ^ Shashi, (19960. p. 9. 68. ^ Gandhi, An Autobiography (1990) edited by Mahadev Desai p 105 69 70. ^ Datta, Amaresh (1 January 2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti). Sahitya Akademi. p. 1345. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0. Retrieved 4 April 2012. 71. ^ Gandhi, An Autobiography (1990) edited by Mahadev Desai p 131 72 74. ^ Hatt, (2002). p. 33. 75. ^ Norvell, 1997. 76. ^ Sarma, (1994). 77. ^ Murali, (1985). 78. ^ Herman (20080. pp. 375–377. 79. ^ a b M. V. Kamath (1995). Gandhi 's Coolie: Life & Times of Ramkrishna Bajaj. Allied Publishers. p. 24.ISBN 8170234875. 80. ^ Coward, (2003). pp. 52–53. 81. ^ Gandhi, An Autobiography (1990) edited by Mahadev Desai p 230-289 82 85. ^ Jones & Ryan (2007). p. 160. 87. ^ Ghose, Sankar (1992). Jawaharlal Nehru, A Biography, p. 137. Allied Publishers Limited. 89. ^ Sarkar, (2006). 90. ^ Dash, Siddhartha (January 2005). "Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose". Orissa Review. Retrieved 12 April 2012. 94. ^ Brock, Peter (1983). The Mahatma and mother India: essays on Gandhiʼs non-violence and nationalism.Navajivan Publishing House. p. 34. 95. ^ Limaye, Madhu (1990). Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru: a historic partnership. B. R. Publishing Corporation. p. 11. ISBN 8170185475. 96. ^ Wilhelm von Pochhammer (2005). India 's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent. Allied Publishers. p. 469. 97. ^ Lapping, (1989).