Maagang Pagbubuntis Ng Mga Kabataan

TERATOGENS
 – IS ANY FACTOR, CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL, THAT ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE FERTILIZED OVUM, EMBRYO, OR FETUS.
                                                                                          
EFFECTS OF TERATOGENS ON A FETUS:
1)      depends on the:
a)      strength of the teratogen
 ex. Radiation – in small amount sun rays it causes no damage, but in large amount like in cancer treatment, serious fetal defects or death can occur.
b)     timing of teratogen
before implantation = zygote is aborted or is unaffected
organogenesis – vulnerable to injury
Last trimester – decreased harm (except syphilis and toxoplasmosis these infections can cause abnormalities in organs that were originally formed normally).
c)      teratogens affinity for specific tissue
Lead – attacks and disables nervous tissue.
Thalidomide – limb defect
Tetracycline – tooth enamel deficiencies and possibly long bone deformities.
Rubella virus – eyes (blind), ears (deaf), heart and brain.
 
TERATOGENIC MATERNAL INFECTIONS
TOXOPLASMOSIS
OTHER INFECTIONS
syphilis
hep B virus
HIV
RUBELLA
CYTOMEGALO VIRUS
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
 
 
1.) TOXOPLASMOSIS
o   Is a protozoan infection
o   Spread commonly through contact of uncooked meat, although it may also be contracted w/ through handling cat stool in soil or cat litter
o   A woman experiences no symptoms of the disease, except a few days of malaise and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
o   The infection crosses the  placenta
o   Infant may new born w/ CNS damage, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracerebral calcification, and retinal deformities.
o   1:900 pregnancies
o   Dx: serum analysis during pregnancy
o   Mgt:
 Sulfonamides, but fetal anomaly is uncertain, and sulfa may increased bilirubin levels in newborn
Pyrimethamine, anantiprotozoal agent may also be used, but this is antifolic acid drug, so it is administered w/ caution in early pregnancy to prevent reducing folic acid... [continues]

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