Learning Theory
Learning theory (education)
Learning theories are conceptual frameworks that describe how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed, and knowledge and skills retained. * Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and will advocate a system of rewards and targets in education. * Educators who embrace cognitive theory believe that the definition of learning as a change in behavior is too narrow and prefer to study the learner rather than her environment, and in particular the complexities of human memory. Those who advocate * constructivism believe that a learner's ability to learn relies to a large extent on what he already knows and understands, and that the acquisition of knowledge should be an individually tailored process of construction. * Transformative learning theory focuses upon the often-necessary change that is required in a learner's preconceptions and world view.
Educational psychology * Behaviorism
John Watson (1878–1959) coined the term "behaviorism." Watson believed that theorizing thoughts, intentions or other subjective experiences was unscientific and insisted that psychology must focus on measurable behaviors. For behaviorism, learning is the acquisition of a new behavior through conditioning.
Conditioning
There are two types of conditioning: * Classical conditioning, where the behavior becomes a reflex response to stimulus. * Operant conditioning, where there is reinforcement of the behavior by a reward or a punishment.
Classical conditioning was noticed by Ivan Pavlov when he saw that if dogs come to associate the delivery of food with a white lab coat or with the ringing of a bell, they will produce saliva, even when there is no sight or smell of food. Classical conditioning regards this form of learning to be
Learning theories are conceptual frameworks that describe how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed, and knowledge and skills retained. * Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and will advocate a system of rewards and targets in education. * Educators who embrace cognitive theory believe that the definition of learning as a change in behavior is too narrow and prefer to study the learner rather than her environment, and in particular the complexities of human memory. Those who advocate * constructivism believe that a learner's ability to learn relies to a large extent on what he already knows and understands, and that the acquisition of knowledge should be an individually tailored process of construction. * Transformative learning theory focuses upon the often-necessary change that is required in a learner's preconceptions and world view.
Educational psychology * Behaviorism
John Watson (1878–1959) coined the term "behaviorism." Watson believed that theorizing thoughts, intentions or other subjective experiences was unscientific and insisted that psychology must focus on measurable behaviors. For behaviorism, learning is the acquisition of a new behavior through conditioning.
Conditioning
There are two types of conditioning: * Classical conditioning, where the behavior becomes a reflex response to stimulus. * Operant conditioning, where there is reinforcement of the behavior by a reward or a punishment.
Classical conditioning was noticed by Ivan Pavlov when he saw that if dogs come to associate the delivery of food with a white lab coat or with the ringing of a bell, they will produce saliva, even when there is no sight or smell of food. Classical conditioning regards this form of learning to be