Lab Report
INTRODUCTION
The measurement of fluid flow is very important in our daily life from measurements of blood-flow rates in human artery to the measurement of liquid oxygen in a rocket. In this experiment, students are to adapt to various ways to measure the flow of essentially incompressible fluids by using the flow measuring apparatus. Students will also be able to understand the application of Bernoulli’s equation in this experiment. The flow is measured by using a venture meter, an orifice meter and a rotameter respectively. The head losses in each meter will be calculated and compared with each other alongside those arising in a rapid enlargement and a 90o elbow. The Hydraulic bench will be used along with the flow measuring apparatus to provide the essential liquid service and the gravimetric evaluation of flow rate.
Experimental Design
Figure 1.1: the flow measuring apparatus
Figure 1.2: The explanatory diagram of flow measuring apparatus
APPARATUS
!. Flow measuring apparatus
2. Volumetric Hydraulic Bench
3. Water
4. Stopwatch
METHODS
Water is allowed to enter from the hydraulic bench into the flow measuring apparatus through the venturi meter which consists of a gradually converging section, a throat and a gradually diverging section. The flow continues through the orifice plate meter for some distance after experiencing a change in cross-section and a rapidly diverging section. After that the flow continues into a further settling length and a 90o bend and finally reaches the rotameter. The rotameter consist of a transparent tube where the float takes up a stable position. This stabilized position is the measure of flow rate. Lastly, the water from rotameter will make its way back to the Hydraulic bench and the weigh tank through a control valve. There are up to nine pressure tappings as shown in Fig 1.2, each of them is connected to its respective manometer in order to enable immediate record of readings.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. The
The measurement of fluid flow is very important in our daily life from measurements of blood-flow rates in human artery to the measurement of liquid oxygen in a rocket. In this experiment, students are to adapt to various ways to measure the flow of essentially incompressible fluids by using the flow measuring apparatus. Students will also be able to understand the application of Bernoulli’s equation in this experiment. The flow is measured by using a venture meter, an orifice meter and a rotameter respectively. The head losses in each meter will be calculated and compared with each other alongside those arising in a rapid enlargement and a 90o elbow. The Hydraulic bench will be used along with the flow measuring apparatus to provide the essential liquid service and the gravimetric evaluation of flow rate.
Experimental Design
Figure 1.1: the flow measuring apparatus
Figure 1.2: The explanatory diagram of flow measuring apparatus
APPARATUS
!. Flow measuring apparatus
2. Volumetric Hydraulic Bench
3. Water
4. Stopwatch
METHODS
Water is allowed to enter from the hydraulic bench into the flow measuring apparatus through the venturi meter which consists of a gradually converging section, a throat and a gradually diverging section. The flow continues through the orifice plate meter for some distance after experiencing a change in cross-section and a rapidly diverging section. After that the flow continues into a further settling length and a 90o bend and finally reaches the rotameter. The rotameter consist of a transparent tube where the float takes up a stable position. This stabilized position is the measure of flow rate. Lastly, the water from rotameter will make its way back to the Hydraulic bench and the weigh tank through a control valve. There are up to nine pressure tappings as shown in Fig 1.2, each of them is connected to its respective manometer in order to enable immediate record of readings.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. The