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Indus River Valley Civilization: Social Stratification and Agricultural Surplus

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Indus River Valley Civilization: Social Stratification and Agricultural Surplus
* "Indus Valley." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. * -“India.” Ancient Civilizations Reference Library. Ed. Judson Knight and Stacy A. McConnell. Detroit: UXL, 2000.Student Resources in Context.Web.29 Mar 2013. * Guisepi, R. A. "Indus River Valley Civilizations." Indus River Valley Civilizations. History World International, n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013.

Expectations : Going into this project , I expect to find a great wealth and power obtained by the people of the Indus River Valley through the duo, that is Social Stratification and Agricultural Surplus. My background knowledge tells me that these two factors work together to create cities, based on this fact, I believe that this is what formed the civilization. I think that the Indus River Valley gave way to agricultural surplus and severed as an essential component throughout.

Background: Vast torrents of water from the world’s highest mountain range, the Himalayas, engraved the great Indus River System that then gave life to the first civilization in the Indian Subcontinent. The swift, powerful mountain streams continued to flow and split into seven abundant rivers. In turn, these rivers united at equidistance down the valley to shape the Indus River, which runs for hundreds of miles to the southwest and empties into the Arabian Sea. The Indus River Valley was green and heavily forested. Game animals and pasture for domesticated animals were plentiful.

Around five thousand years ago, an important civilization developed on the Indus River floodplain. From about 2600 B.C. to 1700 B.C. a vast number of settlements were built on the banks of the Indus River and surrounding areas. These settlements covered a remarkable region, almost 1.25 million kilometers of land which is today part of Afghanistan, Pakistan and north-western India. Their drainage systems, wells and water storage systems were the most sophisticated in the ancient world. They also developed systems of weights and trade. The

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