Also the lack of substance abuse treatment in prison is another issue
Also the lack of substance abuse treatment in prison is another issue
This initial physical separation due to incarceration introduces a host of distinctive stressors that not only can contribute to damaging the well-being of the mother but also damaging the relationship quality (Wildeman, Schnittker, Turney, 4). The incarceration of a partner causes particularly high distress and loneliness among inmates' wives or partners which can consequentially cause mental health problems among the wives or partners (Wildeman, Schnittker, Turney, 4). This partly is due to mothers increased struggle with managing their households in the father’s absence. Reports show that nearly 70% of fathers in prison contributed financially to their children and families prior to incarceration (Wildeman, Schnittker, Turney, 5). Once these fathers go to prison, the level of support that fathers can provide drops quickly resulting in fewer economic resources that negatively impact co-parents and children’s mental health (Wildeman, Schnittker, Turney, 4). Due to a partner’s incarceration, mothers experience a host of hardships both during and after their partner’s incarceration which helps explain the link between paternal incarceration and depression and life dissatisfaction among the mothers (Wildeman, Schnittker, Turney,…
Shakur, Assata. “Women in Prison: How We Are.” In Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform and Renewal: An African American Anthology, edited by Marable, Manning, and Leith Mullings. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.…
Dittmann, M. (2003, July). A voice for women in prison. Retrieved January 29, 2013, from American Psychological Association: http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug03/voice.aspx…
There are several key points that this article addresses as to why it is vital to have these type of facilities for women. The views of the article are those of the Author, Marina Cadreche. It is important that gender differences are recognized and that we understand the impact of the differences, as well as the gender-related changing aspects that are essential in todays society. It is also important to consider how women’s life experiences may affect how they will function both within the criminal justice system and during the progression of their transition and successful re-entry into the community.…
This article (found in AU search engine) showed that jail populations have declined by 6.4% since 2009, since the shift of policies and practices toward offender rehabilitation. However, the U.S. female jail population rose about 45% between 1996 and 2011, which suggests that a greater focus on gender-based needs in reentry strategies may further reduce recidivism. This study examined gender differences in social, medical and human needs in an urban jail population. The results revealed significantly greater problems for women than men. Women showed more needs for chemical dependency and mental health services, and a greater willingness to receive treatment compared to men. Implications suggest that gender-responsive programs are essential for jailed women.…
Out of those women who are incarcerated approximately 44% have no high school diploma or GED, 61% were unemployed, 80% women are mother and 42% were sexually abused, and 10% expecting babies in prison. Female inmate coped inside the prison is their development of family-like environment with the other female prisoners, they are more less genuinely consensual rather than coerced; most violence in prison is based on jealousy or possessiveness than violence. Most women who are being incarcerated because of domestic violence, they are likely to have histories of physical abuse; 57% of adult women were victims of physical or sexual abuse perpetrated by boyfriend or husband. This is will caused for them to react violent towards their abuser once they finally reach enough. Also, sex industry activity, drugs is a major contributor to female crime, female offender use drugs more often than male. Most women commit violent crime larceny, theft, fraud, and mental health issues. Most female offenders were mothers, they face losing custody of their…
This website provides statistics about the rapid increase of incarceration rates in the United States and its causes. The site discusses several reasons for the increase, focusing on women’s incarceration and its growth for only a small section. While the site provides valuable and reliable information, I was only able to utilize a portion of it for my…
Prison Nursery management would like to invest in community-based alternatives, in order to permit the strengthening of mother/child bonding, and help the women to open up and deal with the problems that played a role in bringing them the criminal justice system originally. The program also seeks to recognize and monitor closely the development and changes that occur in the mother/infant attachment process and in the infant/toddler development during incarceration in a prison nursery and also during the years when the infant re-enters but is no longer with the mother. Assessments about which prison and community-based parenting programs should be created and tested are based on the type of attachment observed between the infant and his mother while in the prison nursery and maintained after the inmate is released back into society. From the decision made, the programs will not only improve the relationship of incarcerated women and their children while incarcerated, but also allow for a smooth transition following release. Another goal of prison nursery programs is ensure that that raising an infant in the prison nursery can prevent re-entry to prison after release or lead to short-range criminal recidivism of the…
Women entering the correction system rather they are pre-trail detainee or sentenced inmates are there for the most common offence such as drug-related offence, property offence, violent offence, and public order offence in both prison and jail (Greenfeld and Snell, 1999). These incarcerated women pose no violent threat to the general public. These women come from disadvantaged backgrounds and faces economic and social problems with only a high school diploma if that, have a child(ren) and not married, low income or poverty statues, they live an unhealthy life style and most likely addicted to alcohol and/or drugs ( Bergh, Gather, Fraser, and Moller, 2011). When comparing men and women prisoner women are less likely to…
Although female inmates’ time spent behind bars is intended to serve as their punishment, having their health neglected often serves as a further punishment, a punishment that is inhumane. “The blood-sugar levels of diabetics aren’t routinely tested, resulting in life-threatening seizures; inmates with newly detected cancers are ignored until they’re deathly ill with stage four metastasized malignancies” (Berg 144,145). It seems as though the prison system justifies the inhumane treatment of criminals, and female criminals in particular, merely because of the crimes they have committed. While some may argue that mistreatment of those who have committed violent crimes is fair, “the majority of imprisoned women are there for nonviolent crimes: drugs, prostitution, check forgery” (Berg 144). These women are serving time for their wrongdoings, and neglecting them proper healthcare is a violation of their ethical…
Women in prison experience more challenges in the correctional systems today than ever. Many of the problems seen today with imprisoned women are issues that have rolled over for centuries since the Era of Reform. Women have also been subjected to many stereotypical views since the 1800’s, especially one view that perceives them as the weaker sex. Since birth women are treated delicately by society and are guided into stereotypical female roles. In U.S. correctional facilities women are still considered lesser to their male counterparts thus requiring less attention. Women have come a long way in society from having the right to vote, to fighting in combat; the view that women are less capable than men cannot be more false today. Also the underestimation of what a woman can do under certain circumstances is a common stereotype mistake. There is a smaller less violent population of imprisoned females than males but women have been committing the same…
The primary authors of this study are Jeffrey I. Ross and Stephen C. Richards. They are the authors of the book “Beyond Bars: Rejoining Society after prison” in the year 2009. Their claims are not based on any research-based methodologies but rather with first hand experiences and personal observations. After being released from prison, most of the re-entries suffer from employment and housing discrimination from society, that corrections officials ignore the formidable challenges that ex-inmates, both men and women are facing in finding employment and housing (JI Ross & SC…
According to the national institute the number of women in correctional facilities had increased significantly. Although the increase has been significant the rate of incarceration for women has remained lower than that of men. The increased number of women in correctional institutions can be attributed to the significant outcome of the US policy to combat crime.…
According to a report done by the Ella Baker Center an organization that advocates for criminal justice and social reforms, the average family of an inmate occurs about $13,607 in debt for court-related causes. Of the family members responsible for these costs, 83 percent were women, women who are now forced into a single parent role and are expected to support the family with double parent income. Unjust mass incarceration affects not only directly but also indirectly. Mass incarceration only reinforces negative stereotypes about black men, such as that they are absent father, whereas their absence is caused by the same system that claims them to be absent. The incarceration also teaches women that the government can take better care of their children then they can even though it is due to them that the women have to depend on programs that help…
When a mother goes to prison foster care or a family member will be responsible of the children. Depending on the sentence of the mother and the age of the children. The children are most likely to lose contact with their mother, which may cause stress, depression, and heath issues to the mother. Statistics say women in prison are more than likely had a child under the age of 18, on welfare, and did not finish their education. Also may have been abused as a child or has been in an abusive relationship. It is also said that the children of the incarcerated women will also be incarcerate also and follow their mothers steps from lacking their mothers care and nurture.…