Iodometric: Vitamin C and Commercial Fruit Juices
ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C IN COMMERCIAL FRUIT JUICES BY
IODOMETRIC TITRATION.
SHAMSUL AZRIN BIN MD. KANAFE
Final Year Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA.
APRIL 2009
This Final Year Project Report entitled “ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C IN
COMMERCIAL FRUIT JUICES BY IODOMETRIC TITRATION” was submitted by Shamsul Azrin Bin Md. Kanafe, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry, in Faculty of Applied Sciences, and approved by
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to ALLAH s.w.t. for giving the strength to face life as a student in the Faculty of Applied Sciences in University Teknologi MARA. Thanks to my supervisor, Pn Mashita Abdullah @ Mohd Noor, for her perpetual energy and enthusiasm in suiding me to complete my project. My gratitude also goes to my family for their unconditional love and support throughout my life. My friends who have helped directly or indirectly during my student in the university.
iii
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page. iii iv v vi vii viii ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LIST OF TABLES.
LIST OF FIGURES.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT.
ABSTRAK.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1
Background.
1.2
Significant of study.
1.3
Objectives of study.
1
3
3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1
Vitamin C
2.2
Methods to determine vitamin C.
2.2.1
Direct titration.
2.2.2
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
2.2.3
Enzymatic method.
4
4
4
6
6
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY.
3.1
Method using iodometric titration
3.2
Materials and reagents.
3.3
Preparation of iodine solution.
3.4
Preparation of vitamin C standard solution.
3.5
Standardisation of iodine solution with the vitamin C standard solution
3.6
Titration of
IODOMETRIC TITRATION.
SHAMSUL AZRIN BIN MD. KANAFE
Final Year Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA.
APRIL 2009
This Final Year Project Report entitled “ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C IN
COMMERCIAL FRUIT JUICES BY IODOMETRIC TITRATION” was submitted by Shamsul Azrin Bin Md. Kanafe, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry, in Faculty of Applied Sciences, and approved by
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to ALLAH s.w.t. for giving the strength to face life as a student in the Faculty of Applied Sciences in University Teknologi MARA. Thanks to my supervisor, Pn Mashita Abdullah @ Mohd Noor, for her perpetual energy and enthusiasm in suiding me to complete my project. My gratitude also goes to my family for their unconditional love and support throughout my life. My friends who have helped directly or indirectly during my student in the university.
iii
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page. iii iv v vi vii viii ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LIST OF TABLES.
LIST OF FIGURES.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT.
ABSTRAK.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1
Background.
1.2
Significant of study.
1.3
Objectives of study.
1
3
3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1
Vitamin C
2.2
Methods to determine vitamin C.
2.2.1
Direct titration.
2.2.2
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
2.2.3
Enzymatic method.
4
4
4
6
6
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY.
3.1
Method using iodometric titration
3.2
Materials and reagents.
3.3
Preparation of iodine solution.
3.4
Preparation of vitamin C standard solution.
3.5
Standardisation of iodine solution with the vitamin C standard solution
3.6
Titration of