Indian National Congress
AGE OF MODERATES (1885-1905)
Congress since its inception was dominated by educated middle class, the landed aristocracy and the capitalist classes called the moderates. The moderate ideology was
The British colonialism and Indian Nationalism were not contradictory, rather complimentary. For the moderates, development of England was the development of India.
The British were invincible. As such, by a policy of co-operation India could better secure her interests.
England, mother of parliamentary institutions, would increase the same in India and as such Indians should remain loyal to British.
The Moderate method of struggle was defined as constitutional means of Agitation (anything except popular means of agitation and sedition). It was well explained by Gokhale in his journal ‘Sudhar’ It is also called as “petition, prayer and protest” Methodology.
The demands of the Moderates include -
♦Expansion of Legislative councils
♦Meaningful Representation for Indian members
♦Separation of Executive from Judiciary
♦Increasing the upper age limit for Indian civil service aspirants and for conducting civil service exams in India and England Simultaneously.
♦50% reduction in rent, export duties and military expenditure.
Lord Dufferin the Governor General and Lord cross, the secretary of state welcomed the formation of
INC.
Moderate Politics:-
The relations between the moderates and the British were strained for the first time in madras session in 1887, presided over by Badruddin Tyabji (the first Muslim President of INC). The words ‘Self-governance’ was mentioned for the first time. Lord dufferin criticized congress as “Microscopic Minority”.
The 1888 Allahabad session of INC was presided over by George Yule, the 1st English man to preside over INC.
Achievements of Moderates:
On the request of the Moderates in 1886, Lord Dufferin appointed Aitchison Committee on Indian Civil Services. The upper age limit was increased to 22 years; on the recommendations of
Congress since its inception was dominated by educated middle class, the landed aristocracy and the capitalist classes called the moderates. The moderate ideology was
The British colonialism and Indian Nationalism were not contradictory, rather complimentary. For the moderates, development of England was the development of India.
The British were invincible. As such, by a policy of co-operation India could better secure her interests.
England, mother of parliamentary institutions, would increase the same in India and as such Indians should remain loyal to British.
The Moderate method of struggle was defined as constitutional means of Agitation (anything except popular means of agitation and sedition). It was well explained by Gokhale in his journal ‘Sudhar’ It is also called as “petition, prayer and protest” Methodology.
The demands of the Moderates include -
♦Expansion of Legislative councils
♦Meaningful Representation for Indian members
♦Separation of Executive from Judiciary
♦Increasing the upper age limit for Indian civil service aspirants and for conducting civil service exams in India and England Simultaneously.
♦50% reduction in rent, export duties and military expenditure.
Lord Dufferin the Governor General and Lord cross, the secretary of state welcomed the formation of
INC.
Moderate Politics:-
The relations between the moderates and the British were strained for the first time in madras session in 1887, presided over by Badruddin Tyabji (the first Muslim President of INC). The words ‘Self-governance’ was mentioned for the first time. Lord dufferin criticized congress as “Microscopic Minority”.
The 1888 Allahabad session of INC was presided over by George Yule, the 1st English man to preside over INC.
Achievements of Moderates:
On the request of the Moderates in 1886, Lord Dufferin appointed Aitchison Committee on Indian Civil Services. The upper age limit was increased to 22 years; on the recommendations of