Imperialism in Europe

Country | Britain | Social | * East India Trading Co encouraged many Christian missionaries to convert Indian people, creating social-cultural imperialism * New cartridges utilizing animal fat caused disputes with both Hindu and Muslims in the British sepoys, leading to the Sepoy rebellion * The Indian Civil Service attempts to create a legitimate authority by giving British rulers the luxury and pompous lifestyle of previous Indian princes. * New sewage and water supplies were installed in India to prevent cholera outbreaks partly due to the Hindu practice of bathing and drinking from sacred rivers. * Britain expands the education to that of Western teachings and languages to educate Indians to fill administrative posts. With this new education also came western liberal ideals, and with education unifying some Indian people, Indian nationalism began to rise. * Rammohun Roy becomes the first Indian nationalist in the early 1800’s * Educated and ambitious Indians form the Indian National Congress in 1885 to create a larger role for Indians in the Civil Service. They were unable to gain a following in India and thus did not cause much change until mid 1900s. | Economic | * 1750- Britain has several outposts in India used for trading purposes * 1765- East India Trading Co gains control of Calcutta and soon other trading posts * Britain after 1858 transformed India through huge investing and modernization. India’s cities, harbors, canals and most importantly railroads received large improvements. Indian products also became a larger part in the international trade. | Political | * 1750 outposts in India are operated according to economic imperialism, employ sepoys * In 1765, the “Black hole of Calcutta” allowed the East India Trading Co. to gain control of Calcutta and soon surrounding regions * 1818- East India Trading Co gains so much control over the subcontinent it forms the British Raj (reign). * Cultural implications cause the Sepoy Rebellion. Britain sends troops to control the uprising and impose direct imperial rule in 1858. * Queen Victoria establishes the Indian Civil Service in India as a representative of British royal authority. | Key Players and Events | * “Black Hole of Calcutta”- 1765 * Sepoy Rebellion- 1857 * Rammohun Roy – Indian Nationalist | Country | The Netherlands | Britain | France | US | Economic | * Dutch colonies became a huge resource for sugar, coffee, tobacco, and other resources | * Britain colonizes Burma and Malaysia in the 1880s to stimulate trade between India, Southeast Asia and China | * France sets up new colonies to replace the trade they lost in India | | Political | * Dutch colonized many islands in the 16th century and tightened their control as imperialism began in Europe | * New colonies and ports became part of British control in Southeast Asia | * France sets up French Indochina after being kicked out of India | * The US takes the Philippines after the defeat of Spain in the Spanish American War |
Southeast Asia

China Country | Britain | Social | * Chinese technology and industrialization had fallen far behind that of Europe’s leading to the defeat in the Opium War. | Economic | * Britain sends the Mccartney mission to convince the Chinese to dissolve the Canton system (trade to China has to go to Canton) and open more trade with Britain. It fails when both sides believe to be superior to the other. * Britain had a huge trade imbalance with China and sought a product to trade to China to balance the demand for Chinese products in Britain. They found it in opium. * Chinese officials ban opium after many Chinese became addicted and tried to stop British trade. | Political | * Britain declares war on China starting the Opium War in 1839, claiming China violated free trade. * The British force the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Nanking, disabling the Canton system and giving Britain trading rights and British citizens extraterrestrial rights | Key Players and Events | * Opium War 1839-1842 * Treaty of Nanking (leading to most Chinese ports as spheres of influence) |
Africa (“Scramble for Africa”) Country | Britain | France | Netherlands | Social | * David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary who explored Africa. After he went missing trying on an expedition, Henry Stanley set off to find him. Stanley found him, but Livingstone died and Stanley set up trading stations for Belgium on the Congo on his way back | * Indentured servants (mainly not Europeans) were people who were who migrated to places where labor was needed. | * Boers in South Africa strongly opposed British rule after Britain received South Africa. * Social Darwinists characterized races as superior to another (Herbert Spencer). | Economic | * Britain assumes control over Egypt after Egypt borrows too much money. * Renews interest in South Africa with diamonds and Cecil Rhodes, an businessman, lead the attempt to control and annex the Boer republics. | * | * When diamonds were discovered in the Boer land in the 1870s, Britain attempted to move in and take over. | Political | * 1880s Britain gains control over Egypt and Suez Canal * Britain tried to annex the Boer republics, leading to the Boer War in 1899. Britain won, but left the Boers to govern themselves. * Berlin Conference in 1884 | * 1830 France invades Algeria and after a brief struggle, gains control and opens it as a colony * Berlin Conference in 1884 | * Dutch Settlers (Boers) in South Africa left and formed two new states displacing Africans after Britain gained control * Berlin Conference in 1884 | Key Players and Events | * Muhammad Ali (Egypt) * Cecil Rhodes (British entrepreneur in South Africa * David Livingstone and Henry Stanley | * | * Boer War (1899-1902) * Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer |