IB Chem design lab #1
Design Lab
Experiment: How would an increase in the atomic radii of the metals in period 4 affect the time it takes for a metal to react with HCl.
Hypothesis: If Hydrochloric Acid is dropped on all of the metals in period 4, then the elements with the largest atomic radii will react faster with Hydrochloric Acid because atoms with bigger atomic radii are more likely to give their electron(s) to the Hydrogen ion/atom, thus creating a full shell of Hydrogen and a full shell for the atom we are observing.
Independent Variable: Period 4 atomic radii.
Dependent Variable: Amount of time it takes for the reaction to be completed.
Control Group: Concentration of HCl, volume of HCl dropped on substance, drop height, temperature, pressure, angle at which drops are dropped.
Procedure:
1. Before dropping the HCl onto the potassium, submerge the potassium in mineral oil to prevent the potassium from reacting with the oxygen and water in the air.
2. Drop 1mL of 0.1000M HCl with a pipette on Potassium. Do it in the same room to ensure pressure and temperature are kept constant and do it behind a splash shield. Drop perpendicular to ensure angle is kept constant and measure drop time between pipette and substance to ensure distance is kept constant.
3. Once the drops are released, start timing how long it takes for the substance to react, which will be determined when bubbles start to form.
4. Record time it takes to form bubbles.
5. Repeat steps 1-3 for potassium 3 times.
6. Repeat steps 1-4 for all period 4 metals.
Materials:
1. Stopwatch
2. 0.1M HCl
3. All period 4 metals
4. 1 pipette
5. Splash shield
Metal Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
K
Ca
Experiment: How would an increase in the atomic radii of the metals in period 4 affect the time it takes for a metal to react with HCl.
Hypothesis: If Hydrochloric Acid is dropped on all of the metals in period 4, then the elements with the largest atomic radii will react faster with Hydrochloric Acid because atoms with bigger atomic radii are more likely to give their electron(s) to the Hydrogen ion/atom, thus creating a full shell of Hydrogen and a full shell for the atom we are observing.
Independent Variable: Period 4 atomic radii.
Dependent Variable: Amount of time it takes for the reaction to be completed.
Control Group: Concentration of HCl, volume of HCl dropped on substance, drop height, temperature, pressure, angle at which drops are dropped.
Procedure:
1. Before dropping the HCl onto the potassium, submerge the potassium in mineral oil to prevent the potassium from reacting with the oxygen and water in the air.
2. Drop 1mL of 0.1000M HCl with a pipette on Potassium. Do it in the same room to ensure pressure and temperature are kept constant and do it behind a splash shield. Drop perpendicular to ensure angle is kept constant and measure drop time between pipette and substance to ensure distance is kept constant.
3. Once the drops are released, start timing how long it takes for the substance to react, which will be determined when bubbles start to form.
4. Record time it takes to form bubbles.
5. Repeat steps 1-3 for potassium 3 times.
6. Repeat steps 1-4 for all period 4 metals.
Materials:
1. Stopwatch
2. 0.1M HCl
3. All period 4 metals
4. 1 pipette
5. Splash shield
Metal Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
K
Ca