Human recency and primacy effect
“The multi-store model of memory: testing participants’ free word recall on low and high frequency words to support the evidence of the serial position effect”
Abstract:
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) designed the multi-store model of memory theory and claimed that once information is taken in through the sensory buffer, it has to be rehearsed for it to become short-term memory or it will decay within seconds. After further rehearsal and semantic encoding, it is retained in the long-term memory store. There, memory can last up to a lifetime. They then found (and this was later supported by other psychologists such as Glanzer and Cunitz), that in a free word recall, participants tend to remember better items that were listed off first and last, as they rehearse those items more. Therefore, this study was designed to support the idea of a multi-store model of memory and the primacy recency effects that come with a word recall. There were three principal conditions which included: being flashed words on a screen and recalling them straight after, in the second condition an interval was presented, in the third condition an interval as well as a task were introduced. The words used in all three conditions were either high frequency unrelated or low frequency unrelated. As predicted in the hypothesis, the results obtained did demonstrate that the participants recalled more high-frequency related words. Furthermore, the participants successfully recalled more words at the beginning and end of the word list that had been shown to them, thus supporting the primacy recency effects theory. Further research must now focus on whether information must necessarily flow in the well-regulated pathway claimed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (sensory buffer to short-term memory to long-term memory), as well as the significance of low and high frequency unrelated words in recall.
Introduction:
Memory is defined as the ability for humans or animals to take in, store, maintain
Abstract:
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) designed the multi-store model of memory theory and claimed that once information is taken in through the sensory buffer, it has to be rehearsed for it to become short-term memory or it will decay within seconds. After further rehearsal and semantic encoding, it is retained in the long-term memory store. There, memory can last up to a lifetime. They then found (and this was later supported by other psychologists such as Glanzer and Cunitz), that in a free word recall, participants tend to remember better items that were listed off first and last, as they rehearse those items more. Therefore, this study was designed to support the idea of a multi-store model of memory and the primacy recency effects that come with a word recall. There were three principal conditions which included: being flashed words on a screen and recalling them straight after, in the second condition an interval was presented, in the third condition an interval as well as a task were introduced. The words used in all three conditions were either high frequency unrelated or low frequency unrelated. As predicted in the hypothesis, the results obtained did demonstrate that the participants recalled more high-frequency related words. Furthermore, the participants successfully recalled more words at the beginning and end of the word list that had been shown to them, thus supporting the primacy recency effects theory. Further research must now focus on whether information must necessarily flow in the well-regulated pathway claimed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (sensory buffer to short-term memory to long-term memory), as well as the significance of low and high frequency unrelated words in recall.
Introduction:
Memory is defined as the ability for humans or animals to take in, store, maintain
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