Human Geome Project
Term | Definition | * Reliability | Repetition, achieving consistent results | * Validity | Obtaining results consistent with what was being tested, correctly testing the aim, keeping everything else constant | * Accuracy | How accurate results are | * Dependent variable | Relies on independent variable, plotted on y-axis | * Independent variable | One you change, plotted on x-axis |
What is the Human Genome?
The human genome comprises a sequence of approximately 3 billion component parts, called nucleotides, which are organized into DNA molecules—the double helix. The nucleotides, which serve as the alphabet for the language of life, are represented by just four letters: A, C, G, and T, corresponding to adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The nucleotide alphabet codes for the sequence of amino acids the body will use to build proteins. Combinations of three nucleotides indicate one of twenty possible amino acids (for example, CCT codes for the amino acid glycine), so sets of nucleotide triplets form the instructions that cells use to build proteins. These proteins perform the work of the cells from development throughout life, contributing to both our physical attributes and many of our less tangible features, such as behaviour, learning, and predisposition to disease. A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for one complete protein is called a gene. The human genome is carried on 23 different chromosomes—or DNA molecules.
What is the HGP? * Begun in 1990, completed in 2003 (earlier than expected due to technology advances) * Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health * Goals of the project: * identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, * determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, * store this information in databases * improve tools for data analysis * transfer related technologies to the private
What is the Human Genome?
The human genome comprises a sequence of approximately 3 billion component parts, called nucleotides, which are organized into DNA molecules—the double helix. The nucleotides, which serve as the alphabet for the language of life, are represented by just four letters: A, C, G, and T, corresponding to adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The nucleotide alphabet codes for the sequence of amino acids the body will use to build proteins. Combinations of three nucleotides indicate one of twenty possible amino acids (for example, CCT codes for the amino acid glycine), so sets of nucleotide triplets form the instructions that cells use to build proteins. These proteins perform the work of the cells from development throughout life, contributing to both our physical attributes and many of our less tangible features, such as behaviour, learning, and predisposition to disease. A segment of a DNA molecule that codes for one complete protein is called a gene. The human genome is carried on 23 different chromosomes—or DNA molecules.
What is the HGP? * Begun in 1990, completed in 2003 (earlier than expected due to technology advances) * Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health * Goals of the project: * identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, * determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, * store this information in databases * improve tools for data analysis * transfer related technologies to the private