History of Psychology Timeline

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• History of Psychology Timeline Essay

  ...History of Psychology Timeline Ancient Greece 500 to 200 BC Ancient Greece philosophy began with the concepts created by such great figures as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras whose philosophies helped shape great fathers of philosophy such as the Sophist, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Ancient Rome 129 to 216 AD Claudius Galen was a prominent Roman physician and philosopher of Greek origins and the most famous doctor in the Roman Empire shared the beliefs of Hipocrates about the physiological basis for mental disorders. Middle Ages - about 446 - 1000 AD Also called the Dark Ages, this period characterized widespread illiteracy and neglection of science and culture. The Renaissance - 14th to 17 Century René Descartes, also known as as Renatus Cartesius, was a French philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer who highly influenced various bodies of knowledge, including psychology. Francis Bacon was a leading persona to explore the idea that knowledge, science expanded via observations and experiments. 1896 – Structuralism & Functionalism introduced Structuralism Edward B. Titchener, a leading proponent of structuralism, publishes his Outline of Psychology. Structuralism is the view that all mental experience can be understood as a combination of simple elements or events. This approach focuses on the contents of the mind, contrasting with functionalism. Functionalism...

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• Essay on History of Psychology

  ...development of psychology as an academic discipline in the 19th and 20th centuries, making explicit the important turning points and breakthroughs. In this essay I am looking at where Psychology as a discipline has come from and what affects these early ideas have had on psychology today, Psychology as a whole has stemmed from a number of different areas of study from Physics to Biology, But the first Psychological foundations are rooted in philosophy, which to this day propels psychological inquiry in areas such as language acquisition, consciousness, and even vision among many others. While the great philosophical distinction between mind and body in western thought can be traced to the Greeks, it is to the influential work of René Descartes, French mathematician, philosopher, and physiologist, that we owe the first systematic account of the mind/body relationship. As the 19th century progressed, the problem of the relationship of mind to brain became ever more pressing. The word Psychology comes from two Greek words: Psyche and Logos. The term ‘psychology' used early on described the study of the spirit. It was in the 18th century when psychology gained its literal meaning: The study of behaviour. In studies today psychology is defined as the scientific and systematic study of human and animal behaviour. The term psychology has a long...

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• History of Psychology Essay

  ...What is Psychology? Psychology is said to be the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The study of human behavior, development, and learning; and also seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Today the question we are doing falls under the History of Psychology. It deals with the earlier schools (Structuralism and Functionalism) and compares them with the most recent schools of psychology (Gestalt psychology, Psychoanalysis and Cognitive Psychology). Structuralism What is structuralism (voluntarisms)? Structuralism is said to be an approach to the human sciences which attempts to break conscious experience, down into objective sensation. Such as sight or taste, and subjective feelings, such as emotional response, will and mental images like memories or dream. Example Ryan calls Makita, she is conscious of him calling her, now she has to make that into response yt actually using her senses and responding. Founder of Structuralism Psychology became recognized as a formal academic discipline when Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) founded a laboratory for structuralism for psychological study in Germany in 1879. Wundt is often called the “father of experimental psychology” for this reason. However, structuralism is mainly identified with Edward B. Titchener (1867–1927), a student of...

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• History of Psychology Essay

  ...History of Psychology The word psychology comes from two Greek words: Psych and Logos. It was in the 18th century when psychology gained its literal meaning: the study of behavior. Today, psychology is defined as the scientific and systematic study of human and animal behavior. The term psychology has a long history (Feldman). Psychology started within the fields of philosophy and physiology. But thanks to a German man named, Wilhelm Wundt, psychology became an independent field of its own. Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of experimental psychology and structuralism. He stressed how important the use of scientific methods in psychology was, mostly through the use of introspection. Functionalism focuses on the acts and functions of the mind rather than its internal contents. William James is the author of the book, “Principals of Biology”. It is considered to be one of the most important texts in modern history. In 1996 the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, introduced the term in a scholarly paper. He suggests that people are motivated by power, unconscious drives and conflicts. But Fraud was criticized for his lack of statistical data and the fact that he used a limited number of disturbed adults, mainly women, who were what his research was based on. This was very unscientific (Feldman). The...

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• History of Social Psychology Essay

  ...THE HISTORY OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY As a scientific discipline, social psychology is only a bit older than one hundred years, with most of the growth occurring during the past five decades (McGarty & Haslam, 1997). By most standards, social psychology is a relatively young science. In discussing the discipline's history, it should be noted that there are two social psychologies, one in psychology and the other in sociology, with the larger of the two being the psychological branch (Jones, 1998). The central focus of psychological social psychology is how the individual responds to social stimuli, whereas sociological social psychology focuses on larger group or societal variables, such as people’s socioeconomic status, their social roles, and cultural norms (Stryker, 1997). Although there have been calls to merge the two social psychologies into a single field (Backman, 1983)-—and even a joint psychology-sociology doctoral program at the University of Michigan from 1946 to 1967--their different orientations make it doubtful that this will transpire in the foreseeable future. In this historical overview, the psychological branch of the discipline will be highlighted. Wundt and The Dawning of a Scientific Discipline: 1862-1894 German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1921), who is widely regarded as the founder of...

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• History of Psychology Essay

  ...HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY The history of psychology as a scholarly study of the mind and behavior dates back to the Ancient Greeks. There is also evidence of psychological thought in ancient Egypt. Psychology was a branch of philosophy until the 1870s, when it developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany and the United States. Psychology borders on various other fields including physiology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, sociology, anthropology, as well as philosophy and other components of the humanities. Today, psychology is largely defined as "the study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, China and India. Psychology as a self-conscious field of experimental study began in 1879, when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Leipzig. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist and wrote the first textbook on psychology: Principles of Physiological Psychology. Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American father of pragmatism), and Ivan Pavlov (who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning). Soon after the development...

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• The History of Psychology Essay

  ...The History of Psychology PSY310 February 13, 2012 The History of Psychology The study of psychology dates back as far as the Greek Gods and continues for centuries, which followed into present day. Many scientists, physiologists as well as psychologists are mentioned and play a role with the discussions, theories, and discoveries in which we have reached modern day psychology. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909), a German psychologist, claimed that there is a long past when it comes to psychology but the history of psychology is short. Ultimately, he made this claim based on findings and theories that dated back to the Greeks, but the scientific portions of psychology were closer to the start of the twentieth century and continued to grow. Ebbinghaus was strongly influenced by such psychologists as Fechner and Helmholtz during his years at University of Bonn where he received his doctor of psychology in 1983 at only 23 years of age. He continued with his love and commitment to psychology at the University of Berlin. The many years spent studying, researching and training in the discipline of psychology eventually led him to be known as “the pioneer of memory research” (Fuchs, 1997). Afterwards, in the United States, college students were...

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• Psychology Essay

  ...Section One – 1 When psychology first began to become a science in 1860, it was more of a field of philosophy than an actual medical study. It dealt with a more abstract concept than other medical fields; the human body is something concrete that you can physically look at and study whereas, at the time, you could not physically see the mind. In Ancient Greece thinkers such as Aristotle and Plato could only come up with theories as to how the mind works. Plato believed that some knowledge is innate while Aristotle believed that the ability to learn depended on experience, however neither were able to prove their theories with concrete evidence. As time went on and psychology became more widely known, more theoretical approaches to psychology were introduced. Freud established the psychoanalytical theory, which emphasized the importance of the unconscious and how it shaped how humans behave. While Freud did use psychoanalysis to attempt to bring unconscious thoughts and feelings to conscious awareness, it was still far from valid scientific evidence. In the 20th century, behaviorism was introduced. Behaviorism encouraged psychologists should limit their studies to behavior that was objectively observable. The introduction of behaviorism advanced psychology as a field of scientific study because it now focused on what people do rather than their own personal experiences. Studying behavior rather than gave...

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