History of Globallization

History of Globalization Estle Harlan Harlan Business Consultants Tim Rahschulte, Ph.D., Professor George Fox University

Abstract The historical context of globalization covers centuries. This paper divides those centuries into three eras. The first era covers the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries and views globalization through the lens of individuals who struggled to overcome natural, governmental, religious and economic barriers in their quest for wealth, freedom, position, and power. Throughout this era, the world of commerce was encumbered by territorial boundaries. The second era covers the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and saw great technological advances in transportation, machinery, livability, and communication. This allowed the masses to participate in an expanding economy and to experience territorial compression. The third era covers the twenty-first century (to date) and bears witness to the explosion of information technology. This explosion enables an international community to participate in a globalized economy, and it challenges participants to deal with the impacts of global compression. It was not until this third era that technology shattered the remaining barriers to globalization so that international business could flourish. Keywords: barriers, communications, culture, economics, environment, flat, forces, globalization, history, information technology, international business, politics, technology History of Globalization Only in the last two decades has the term globalization become commonplace, and that is due to the advancement of information technology (Scheuerman, 2010). The current concept of globalization represents a flattened, borderless, non-territorial world where interests of business

and society overlap, and where information technology allows business to be conducted as though it were a single place (Friedman, 2007; Ohmae, 1995; Renesch, 1992; Robertson, 1995; Scheuerman, 2010). Some posit that the historical

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