Hindus Civilization

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

WHAT IS INDUS CIVILIZATION?
 An ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys
 Primarily in Sindh province of Pakistan

THE CIVILIZATION IS SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS:
 Indus-Sarasvati Civilization
 Harappan Civilization

MAJOR CITIES
 Harappa
 Mohenjo-Daro

HARAPPA
 Harappa is a city in Punjab.
 Northeast Pakistan, about 35km (22 miles) southwest of Sahiwal.
 The modern town is located near the former course of the Ravi River.
 The ancient city existed from about 3300 BCE until 1600 BCE and is believed to have had as many as 40,000 residents
 It's culture extended well beyond the bounds of present day in Pakistan.

HARAPPAN CONTRIBUTIONS
EARLY HARAPPAN
 Centralized authority
 Trade networks linked this culture with related regional cultures and distant sources of raw materials, including lapis lazuli and other materials for bead-making.

MATURED HARAPPAN
 High priority on hygiene
 Sewerage and drainage systems
 The massive citadels of Indus cities, which protected the Harappans from floods and attackers.
 They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures.
 Harappan engineers followed the decimal division of measurement for all practical purposes, including the measurement of mass as revealed by their hexahedron weights.
 They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures.
 New techniques in metallurgy and produced copper, bronze, lead and tin.
 A touchstone bearing gold streaks was found in Banawali, which was probably used for testing the purity of gold (such a technique is still used in some parts of India).
 Bullock carts that is identical to those seen throughout South Asia today, as well as boats. RELIGION AND BELIEFS
 Mother goddess
 Hinduism
 They also cremated their dead and buried the ashes in burial urns.
 Vedic "lord of creatures"

LATE HARAPPAN
 Gradual decline