Heredity and Enviornment
11 Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Development
11.1
Introduction
We may often wonder about the reasons and forces which shape our personality and character. Each one of us has a specific kind of nature which takes that particuler form because of the effect of two major factors. The first is the genetic make-up which we inherit from our parents, and the second influence comes from the various experiences we have in our interaction with our surrounding environment. This includes all the things we see and hear from the time of birth and all the interactions we have with other people as we grow up. In this lesson the influences of genetic as well as environmental factors on human development will be discussed. The joint influence of these two factors will also be discussed in detial.
11.2
Objectives
After reading this lesson you will be able to : apprise the intendependence of genetic and vironment on human development; explain the development of human life from the time of conception; illustrate the effects of environmental conditions on pre-natal development; define socialization;
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Development :: 119
List the agents of socialization.
11.3
Human life from the time of Conception
Environmental Influences on the unborn child Two types of environmental conditions are important to note. Some maternal characteristics and external harmful agents can cause considerable risk for the developing embryo or fetus. Very young mothers, particularly those under 17, and mothers over 35 years of age have greater risk of prenatal and birth complications and death of the fetus or the new born (neonate). Inadequate diet and nutritional deficiency of the mother increases the risk of congenital defects, still birth and infant mortality during the first year. Prolonged and severe emotional stress of the pregnant mothers increases the chances of miscarriage, premature delivery and temperamental state of
11.1
Introduction
We may often wonder about the reasons and forces which shape our personality and character. Each one of us has a specific kind of nature which takes that particuler form because of the effect of two major factors. The first is the genetic make-up which we inherit from our parents, and the second influence comes from the various experiences we have in our interaction with our surrounding environment. This includes all the things we see and hear from the time of birth and all the interactions we have with other people as we grow up. In this lesson the influences of genetic as well as environmental factors on human development will be discussed. The joint influence of these two factors will also be discussed in detial.
11.2
Objectives
After reading this lesson you will be able to : apprise the intendependence of genetic and vironment on human development; explain the development of human life from the time of conception; illustrate the effects of environmental conditions on pre-natal development; define socialization;
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Development :: 119
List the agents of socialization.
11.3
Human life from the time of Conception
Environmental Influences on the unborn child Two types of environmental conditions are important to note. Some maternal characteristics and external harmful agents can cause considerable risk for the developing embryo or fetus. Very young mothers, particularly those under 17, and mothers over 35 years of age have greater risk of prenatal and birth complications and death of the fetus or the new born (neonate). Inadequate diet and nutritional deficiency of the mother increases the risk of congenital defects, still birth and infant mortality during the first year. Prolonged and severe emotional stress of the pregnant mothers increases the chances of miscarriage, premature delivery and temperamental state of