1. The surgeon marks the anteromedial and anterolateral joint lines and portal positions with a skin marker.…
received an incision from the superior part of his neck just below the chin. This incision was to make…
IT has three holes for the vertebral foramen and two for the transverse foramina. The thoracic vertebrae have longer and heavier transverse processes and are characterized by their articulating surfaces with the ribs. The lumbar vertebrae have pedicles and laminae that are shorter and thicker than those of other vertebrae, the vertebral foramen is triangular, and spinous processes are short.…
A).Which clue would tell Stefan which scapular surface was anterior and which was posterior? What is the name of the shallow, oval socket of the scapular that Stefan placed next to the humerus? When he pulled out the two bundles, each containing a narrow S-shaped bone. Turning them over in his hands, he quickly decided which was right and which left, then placed each clavicle by its neighboring scapula. In order to determine if a scapula is right or left, orient it so the glenoid fossa (articulating surface) faces laterally (outward) and the spine is posterior (toward back) and superior (upper). The coracoid process should be superior and anterior. Glenoid cavity is what he place next to the humerus.…
C. What delicate skeletal structures are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from an excavated skull? The skeletal structures that are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from an excavated skull are perpendicular Plate, middle & inferior nasal concha, and the vomer.…
ANSWER: Bone brittleness results from a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and in the production of human growth hormone, which diminishes the production of the collagen fibers that give bone its strength and flexibility. As a result, inorganic minerals gradually constitute a greater proportion of the bone extracellular matrix. Loss of bone mass results from demineralization and usually begins after age 30 in females, accelerates greatly around age 45 as levels of estrogens decrease, and continues until as much as 30% of the calcium in bones is lost by age 70…
Help Tom McCune determine the sex of the skeleton by identifying the specific parts of the pelvic…
Landmarks used in Thoracic spine positioning include the jugular notch which corresponds to level T2 and T3. T1 is about 1.5 inches superior to the level of the jugular notch. The first thoracic vertebra can be located by palpating posteriorly at the vase of the neck for the prominent spinous process of C7, the vertebra prominens. The most frequently used landmark is the level of T7. Anteriorly it is located about 3 to 4 inches inferior to the jugular notch or at the midpoint of the jugular notch and the xiphoid…
Today, surgery is one of the front runners in the medical world for performed practices. However, surgery isn't a modern day miracle. Surgeries have been taking place for centuries, and at the head of those surgeries are trepanation and craniotomies. In fact, the oldest surgical techniques known to be used by primitive people are those techniques used to cut holes into the cranium. Early trepanation and craniotomies were mainly performed by abrasion, scraping, crosscut sawing and drilling techniques. Knowledge like this is in high demand as we try to make new leaps into medicine. Many accomplishments of the present come with an understanding and knowledge of the past, and while that is not the focus of this paper, it is an acknowledged contribution.…
Montross recalls, “Inside is a whole skull, at once eerie and beautiful. On close inspection the individual bones on the skull are visible, and their lines are fluid and lovely—the…
mostly be an air space. Medulla patterns are often not very helpful in forensics for a…
replaced the large fragments of the skull that remained but where displaced. He covered the…
The anatomy of the spinal cord is very unique. Externally, it is initially surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column is divided into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. These different vertebrae protect the spinal cord from damage and form a type of shell around it. The spinal cord appears as a long, thin cord of nerves. The peripheral nerves that extend out to many parts of the body arise from the spinal cords thirty-one segmental pairs of nerves. The cervical region contains eight pairs of cervical nerves, the thoracic contains twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, the lumbar contains five pairs of lumbar nerves, the sacral contains five pairs of sacral nerves, and the coccygeal contains one pair of coccygeal…
The bones that make up the nasal septum are the Ethmoid and Vomer bones along with septal cartilage.…
Lewis (2014) states “ spinal cord injuries are generally the direct result of trauma that causes cord compression, ischemia, edema, and possible cord transection”(p.1172). The level and degree of injury have a direct relation to the severity of symptoms, with the higher the injury, the more loss of function you have because of the close proximity to the brain stem, medulla, and cervical cord (Lewis, 2014). There are five major mechanisms of injury including hyperextension, flexion, flexion-rotation, extension-rotation, and compression (Lewis, 2014). Complete injury means there is no sensory or motor function below the level of injury. Incomplete injury is a mixed loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury. The degree varies between sensory and motor loss due to the level of injury (Lewis, 2014). There are three levels of injury, those being cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. Lumbar and cervical injuries are the most common due to movement and increased flexibility (Lewis, 2014). Depending on the degree of injury you may become a paraplegic or a tetraplegia. Paraplegia is a loss of sensation in the trunk and lower limbs due to the thoracic cord in the lumbar spine being damaged (Lewis, 2014). Tetraplegia is paralysis in all four extremities due to the cervical cord being…