Hanoi Problem
Urbanization has undoubtedly transformed modern life, creating new opportunities in the areas of work, study and leisure. However a number of problems have arisen as a result of this trend. Hanoi city is taken as an example of spontaneous urbanization transition.
I. Introduction
Urbanization is the process of the physical growth of a city either by migration from the countryside area or due to the natural increase of people within the city. It also refers to the change from a predominantly agricultural economy to industrial business and mass production. According to Antrop (2004),” Urbanization is a complex process of change of rural lifestyles into urban ones”. The phenomenon of urbanization has increased all over the world. It is driven by the desire to improve lifestyle and better job opportunities. “The world is undergoing massive urbanization”, (Tannerfeldt and Ljung, 2006). Many problems have arisen from uncontrolled urbanization. A rapid increase in the amount of traffic has become a common pattern of an urbanization transition and requires effective responses. This essay will use the urbanization of Hanoi city as an example of uncontrolled growth, and highlight the consequences of urbanization in terms of traffic congestion. This essay will discuss three relevant responses: firstly, a vehicle free zone policy; secondly, electronic road pricing and finally using a vehicle quota system. Finally, this essay will evaluate their relative effectiveness in terms of constraints. This essay might help the local authority to encounter the traffic congestion in Hanoi to some extent.
II. Situation
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has experienced an intense transition of urbanization. This was mostly induced by the government since 2000 in order to develop the economic situation by encouraging people to leave agricultural lands towards the urban zone where industry has become the main source of employment. Researchers expected that this
I. Introduction
Urbanization is the process of the physical growth of a city either by migration from the countryside area or due to the natural increase of people within the city. It also refers to the change from a predominantly agricultural economy to industrial business and mass production. According to Antrop (2004),” Urbanization is a complex process of change of rural lifestyles into urban ones”. The phenomenon of urbanization has increased all over the world. It is driven by the desire to improve lifestyle and better job opportunities. “The world is undergoing massive urbanization”, (Tannerfeldt and Ljung, 2006). Many problems have arisen from uncontrolled urbanization. A rapid increase in the amount of traffic has become a common pattern of an urbanization transition and requires effective responses. This essay will use the urbanization of Hanoi city as an example of uncontrolled growth, and highlight the consequences of urbanization in terms of traffic congestion. This essay will discuss three relevant responses: firstly, a vehicle free zone policy; secondly, electronic road pricing and finally using a vehicle quota system. Finally, this essay will evaluate their relative effectiveness in terms of constraints. This essay might help the local authority to encounter the traffic congestion in Hanoi to some extent.
II. Situation
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has experienced an intense transition of urbanization. This was mostly induced by the government since 2000 in order to develop the economic situation by encouraging people to leave agricultural lands towards the urban zone where industry has become the main source of employment. Researchers expected that this
References: Antrop, M. (2004). Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe. ScienceDirect, 67 (1–4), pp. 9–26. App.mot.gov.sg (2010). Ministry of Transport. [Online] Retrieved from: http://app.mot.gov.sg [ Accessed: 31 May 2013]. Hiep, V., Hai, T. and Hiep, Van. (2012). Transportation demand management: A solution to reduce congestion and towards a sustainable transportation in Hanoi city. Asian transportation research society, 5st ATRANS, BANGKOK THAILAND, SCS 12-029. Labbé, D.(2010). Facing the urban transition in Hanoi: recent urban planning issues and initiatives. Institute National de la recherché scientific Centre - Urbanization Culture Society, INRS University. Son, L., Zhang, J. and Fujiwara, A. (2012). "The MATLAB Toolbox for GPS Data to Calculate Motorcycle", paper presented at International Conference on Environment, Energy and Biotechnology, Singapore, Singapore: IPCBEE (2012), IACSIT Press, Vol.33. Tannerfeldt, G., and Ljung, P. (2006). More Urban, Less Poor. London: Earthscan. The University of Auckland’s Policy Analysis and Evaluation project (2012). Tuan Viet Mai. [Online] Retrieved from: http://policyprojects.ac.nz//tuanvietmai/ [ Accessed: May 20, 2013 ].