This assignment focuses on the exploitation through Child labour in India and reflects on the political and legal context for children’s rights. Furthermore considering the theoretical perspectives on the constructions of childhood and the needs and rights of all children. The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labourers, aged 5 years to 14 years to be at 12.6 million. However, Child labour issues are not unique to India; worldwide, approximately 215 million children work, many of which are full-time (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2011). The statistics are alarming, displaying that millions of children across the world are victims of exploitation and abuse, subjected to appalling working conditions for very little or no money.…
With the development and subsequent global rise of free trade, globalization and internationalization many new benefits are afforded to society, many old and new social inequities have reared their ugly heads once again. This has allowed an alarming and disturbing rise of instances in the exploitation of minors. The most widespread and upsetting of these is child sexual exploitation (hereafter "CSE"). However with greater power comes even greater responsibility, not only for individuals but the masses at large to help change and understand the phenomenon of juvenile prostitution, trafficking in children for sexual purposes and child pornography. This has emerged as increasingly significant social issues within the global arena and most facets of everyday life, even though most people are unaware of the darkness which surrounds them. Child sex tourism has also seen a global increase. According to a study conducted by Estes and Weiner the order of frequency with which CSE has been identified to be fuelled by are listed as follows: 1) Prostitution by runaway and throwaway children is used to provide for their subsistence needs for example, heroin and ecstasy; 2) Pre-existing adult prostitution in the areas where there is a large numbers of street youth; 3) A history of child sexual abuse and child sexual assault; 4) poverty; 5) Large numbers of unattached and transient males in communities for example, military personnel, truckers, conventioneers, sex tourists, as well as others; 6) for some girls, membership or some connection to gangs; 7) Juvenile prostitution conducted by parents, older siblings and boyfriends; 8) Organized crime units recruiting children for prostitution; and, increasingly, 9) The illegal trafficking of children for sexual purposes to the United States from developing countries located in developing Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and Central and Eastern Europe. As these countries are the most susceptible to these factors…
Child labour is a very big problem in today’s world. Many organizations work towards diminishing it however, it is a very touchy problem and needs to be handled with caution as the process is very tedious which is not realized by many people worldwide. Many think that diminishing child labour suddenly and as soon as possible is going to be good for the world however, this is not true. The fight to end child labour is going to be long and hard because of the many negative impacts it will have on the world…
Baland Jean Marie, James Robinson Journal of Political Economy, 2000, vol. 108, no. Edmonds, Eric V. (2007), ‘Child Labor’, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper 12926,…
The magnitude of this problem is phenomenal. The Human Rights branch of the United Nations has estimated that “hundreds of thousands of children are involved in child prostitution and pornography in India alone. Other reports say there are 200,000 child prostitutes in Thailand, and 60,000 in the Philippines” (Lukas, 1996). These U.N. estimates are not accurate because they were taken several years ago and since child prostitution is illegal many of the numbers remain hidden from western statistics. The U.N. doesn’t post statistics with regard to Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, or Indonesia which are all countries where child prostitution occurs. These estimates that the U.N. has predicted, do present a question of why child prostitution is occurring in the first place.…
Using children as labour were seemed morally wrong for many people. It is considered as exploitation of children as they were deprived of their educational and individual rights. However, in the eye of the developing countries, known as “third-world countries”, child labors were seen perfectly fine with various reasons behind their point of views. The main factor contributing to child labour was mainly due to the poverty face in these developing countries. These children worked so in order to earn money to support their families where parents do not earn enough to support the families (Catherine, 2010). Therefore, there are no doubt these children was not send to school for appropriate education.…
Child prostitution and civilizations have gone hand in hand all over the world for over 4,000 years. Ancient religious beliefs and social customs provide the earliest accounts of child prostitution's origin, in the form of both scripture and surviving social systems that have been practiced for thousands of years. It is rather difficult to enumerate or identify all the factors conducive to prostitution, because it is often argued that prostitution has its roots deep in the fabric of society. India is no exception. It is important to trace the history of prostitution within the region, as this is essential to see how practices in the past may account not only for the negative and unequal position of women in present day society, but also the reinforcement of toleration for violent assaults and forced prostitution. While economic deficiency is often attributed as a main factor in the continuity and durability of the trade in areas such as Africa and Eastern Europe, India defies this wide-held belief. Over the past few decades, India has made great progress in terms of economic growth. In less than twenty years, India's per capita income has increased by more than 40% ("Despite Growing Wealth...", 2013). However, despite rapid the economic growth in India over the past several decades, child prostitution is still an extremely prevalent industry due to Hindu practices, Christian and Islamic scriptural precedents, historical and tribal customs, and Indian caste expectations.…
References: 2. ^ "Convention on the Rights of the Child". United Nations. 1989-11-20. Retrieved 2010-09-29.…
A right is an entitlement related to the permissible and prohibited action in the ambience of society and social institution. It is deeply attached to the wrongs and duties. Therefore, the concept of right is closely related to the concept of duties. (P.J. Fitzgerald, (1999).…
The overall socio-economic development strategy of Bangladesh has become a model for many third world countries. Today‟s Children will be acting as the driving force of the development strategy for tomorrow. The very achievement towards developing our children and making them worthy for a modern and independent nation is not satisfactory. After the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent country, the Children Act‟ 1974 was enacted imbued with the spirit of great liberation war which paved the way in formulating National Children Policy‟1994, undertaking many development projects in this regard including the National Action Plan for Children‟ 2005-2010. Bangladesh has become the partner of many international, regional and bilateral declarations with ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and other major child labour related…
I am privileged to speak on topic of “Policy and Legal Aspects of Child Abuse in AJ&K”. Children are considered as one of the most vulnerable group of society. A child needs adequate protection from all sorts of abuses including physical, psychological and social abuses and without legal cover such protection would not yield result.…
* NHRC - UNIFEM - ISS Project, A report on trafficking in Women and Children in India, 2002-2003 by Sankar Sen Volume I…
Dashora, K. (2011). Cyber Crime in the Society: Problems and Preventions. Journal of Alternative Perscriptives in the Social Sciences, 240-259.…
Over the years the field of family and child welfare in India has changed considerably in terms of its perspectives, complexity of its scope and the variety of professional expertise needed. The child population in India comprises of 42% of India's population which at 440 million is the world's largest child population. Despite several programmes on health, education and for child protection, the strengthened Juvenile Justice Act and other laws, the child indicators in India continue to be of immense concern. Compounded with the low indicators on health and education, violence against children in form of child sexual abuse, child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children is increasing. What is alarming is the high levels of child malnutrition and adverse sex ratio, especially child sex ratio at 914 girls per 1000 boys. Child protection has become an urgent issue because of the macro processes of globalisation impacting socio-economic and political contexts within which families find themselves. With increasing push factors which compel women to work outside homes alternative care of children is emerging as a major concern and there are very few quality faculties being provided by the state or the private sector to address this need.…
Child labour is a devastating problem that affects the survival of humanity, despite the effort to curb the act, yet it continues to be widespread all over the world. Child labour is a phenomenon attracting a global attention and it constitutes a threat not only to humanity but also to a meaningful survival of human race. (Bidemi and Adefuye 2007) citing Oloko, 1986) noted that children traditionally help their parents in occupations involving physical labour in rural and urban areas, the children of traders would assist their parents to sell their goods usually under the supervision of the parent. Today, the…