Genetic Engineering
Biology 2A
2/23/14
Genetic engineering is making changes in the DNA code of a living organism, working almost the same. It has many purposes including clones, perfect humans and cures for genetic diseases. Gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool used for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge. You place the DNA in the gel. DNA is a long, strand-like molecule where genes are written in genetic code. Extracted enzymes recognize and extract the DNA at a specific sequence.
Transgenic microorganisms are crosses between two animals or microorganisms. Scientists cross breed them. Most commonly used are genetic fruit flies to study the effects of genetic changes on development. Flies are preferred over other other animals because their vertebrae are simpler than other organisms. Modified bacteria are used to produce the protein insulin, to treat genetic diseases like diabetes, hemophilia, and dwarfism. Transgenic animals have had their genes altered. A majority of these animals are mice. Scientists can now produce these animals thanks to Crick and Watson’s discoveries. A transgenic plant; however, has genes that have been inserted in them rather than through pollination. Benefits of these plants are that they can fight droughts, as well as insect resistance. Less pesticide would be used. An example of a transgenic plant is the rape plant, which pollinates weeds.
According to google.com, DNA fingerprinting is the analysis from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals. It is very unlikely two people would have the same fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is beneficial in many ways including paternity tests, crime investigation and identify organisms causing a diseases. The testing can be done voluntarily by providing a sample of blood or a swab of the cheeks inside a person’s mouth . The Human Genome Project was completed in April 2013 and it was a computerized system where you
2/23/14
Genetic engineering is making changes in the DNA code of a living organism, working almost the same. It has many purposes including clones, perfect humans and cures for genetic diseases. Gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool used for separation and analysis of macromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge. You place the DNA in the gel. DNA is a long, strand-like molecule where genes are written in genetic code. Extracted enzymes recognize and extract the DNA at a specific sequence.
Transgenic microorganisms are crosses between two animals or microorganisms. Scientists cross breed them. Most commonly used are genetic fruit flies to study the effects of genetic changes on development. Flies are preferred over other other animals because their vertebrae are simpler than other organisms. Modified bacteria are used to produce the protein insulin, to treat genetic diseases like diabetes, hemophilia, and dwarfism. Transgenic animals have had their genes altered. A majority of these animals are mice. Scientists can now produce these animals thanks to Crick and Watson’s discoveries. A transgenic plant; however, has genes that have been inserted in them rather than through pollination. Benefits of these plants are that they can fight droughts, as well as insect resistance. Less pesticide would be used. An example of a transgenic plant is the rape plant, which pollinates weeds.
According to google.com, DNA fingerprinting is the analysis from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals. It is very unlikely two people would have the same fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is beneficial in many ways including paternity tests, crime investigation and identify organisms causing a diseases. The testing can be done voluntarily by providing a sample of blood or a swab of the cheeks inside a person’s mouth . The Human Genome Project was completed in April 2013 and it was a computerized system where you