Gas4Stroke.Pdf
The Gasoline 4-Stroke Engine for Automobiles
Garrett W. Balich and Conrad R. Aschenbach Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 May 6, 2004
2
Contents
I Introduction 11
13 17
1 History of the Four-Stroke Automobile Engine 2 Principles of the 4 Stroke Gasoline Automobile Engine
II Fuel and Air Delivery
3 Carburation 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Introduction to the Carburetor
21
23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Air and Fuel Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Starting and Enriching Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 31
4 Fuel Injection 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Introduction to Fuel Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Fuel Delivery Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Types of Fuel Injection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Flow Types in Fuel Injection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Flow Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3
4.6 4.7
Miscellaneous Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Air and Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 41
5 Engine Management 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Types of Engine Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Speed Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mass Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Open and Closed Loop Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Crankshaft Position Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Manifold Absolute
Garrett W. Balich and Conrad R. Aschenbach Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 May 6, 2004
2
Contents
I Introduction 11
13 17
1 History of the Four-Stroke Automobile Engine 2 Principles of the 4 Stroke Gasoline Automobile Engine
II Fuel and Air Delivery
3 Carburation 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Introduction to the Carburetor
21
23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Air and Fuel Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Starting and Enriching Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 31
4 Fuel Injection 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Introduction to Fuel Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Fuel Delivery Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Types of Fuel Injection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Flow Types in Fuel Injection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Flow Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3
4.6 4.7
Miscellaneous Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Air and Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 41
5 Engine Management 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Types of Engine Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Speed Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Mass Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Open and Closed Loop Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Crankshaft Position Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Manifold Absolute
Bibliography: [1] Mary ternal Bellis. combustion The history of and the automobile: The incars. engine early gas-powered http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarsgasa.htm. [2] K. Newton T.K. Garrett and W Steeds. The Motor Vehicle, 13th Edition. SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 2001. [3] SAE Charles O. Probst. How to Understand, Service and Modify Bosch Fuel Injection Engine Management. Bentley Publishers, Cambridge, MA, 1989. [4] Holden LTD. Gen iii v8 engine management. GM Service Manual. [5] Richard Stone. SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 1995. [6] Jeff Lucius. Turbocharger compressor flow maps for 3000gt and stealth owners. http://www.stealth316.com/2-3s-compflowmaps.htm. [7] Corky Bell. Supercharger!: Design, Testing and Installation of Supercharger Systems. Bentley Publishers, Cambridge, MA, 2001. [8] T.W. Asmus. Valve events and engine operation. Chrysler Corporation Article. [9] Dimitri N. Elgin. Camshaft theories. http://www.ls1tech.com/forums/showthread.php?t=101100p 155 [10] Internal Combustion Engines. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Toronto, Canada, 1988. [11] Colin R. Ferguson and Allan T. Kirkpatrick. Internal Combustion Engines. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Toronto, Canada, 2001. [12] Charles Fayette Taylor. The Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice: Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels, Materials, Design. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985. 156