Food for Education Improves Girls’ Education: The Pakistan Girls’ Education Programme

Touseef Ahmed, Rashida Amir, Francisco Espejo, Aulo Gelli, Ute Meir.

World Food Programme

03/09//2007

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the staff in the WFP Pakistan Office for their contributions and support in preparing this paper. The FFE programme theory was taken from Food for Education Works (WFP, 2007) and the case study was developed from the WFP Pakistan Situation analysis (WFP Pakistan, 2006).

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Context
In the last decade, access to primary education has improved significantly in many parts of the world (World Bank, 2006). Yet, 77 million children of primary school-age, are not in school and 57 percent of them are girls. Despite overall advances in primary enrolment, significant gender disparities remain particularly in certain regions, notably the Arab States, South and West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Beyond the primary level, the gender inequalities in education are even more significant. In secondary education, only one-third of countries have reached gender parity and women account for 64 percent of the world’s illiterate adults – a figure, which has not progressed during the last decade (UNESCO, 2007). Girls’ education is affected by a variety of factors relating both to the demand and supply side of schooling: gender-stereotyped curricula and teaching practices, school infrastructure not adapted to the needs of girls (lack of separate toilets, school fencing, girls boarding facilities, etc.) risks for girls’ safety on the way to and at school (girls being abducted, at risk of rape at school) or negative socio-cultural practices (early marriage, low value given to education of girls). One of the most significant obstacles to girls’ education is the direct and opportunity cost of schooling, which affects girls disproportionately. Girls from poor households register very low levels of school completion in many countries (Bruns,... [continues]

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