Fluid Properties Density and Surface Tension
Expirement 1
Fluid Properties: Density and Surface Tension
Table of Contents: OBJECTIVE 1 THEORY 2-3 PROCEDURE 4-6 RESULTS 7-8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 9 APPENDIX 10
OBJECT:
The object of this experiment was to determine the density of a fluid by performing three different methods and use that determined density to calculate the surface tension of the fluid.
THEORY:
The density of any substance is defined as the mass per unit volume and is denoted by ρ. ρ = m / V (1) m is the mass of a substance and V is the volume occupied by the mass. The density of a liquid remains sensibly constant because the volume occupied by a given mass of a liquid is almost invariable. From this it may be noted that a liquid may be taken as virtually incompressible. There are several different methods that can be used to determine a fluid’s density. One method is to weigh a known volume of the liquid using a graduated cylinder or beaker and a scale. The beaker is weighed empty and then filled to a certain volume according to the graduations on it and weighed again. The difference in weight divided by the volume gives the weight per unit volume of the liquid. This measurement is expressed as, ρ = (m2 – m1) / V (2) where m1 is the weight of the empty beaker and m2 is the weight of the filled beaker. A second method of finding density involves measuring the buoyant force exerted on a submerged object. The difference between the weight of an object in air and the weight of the object in liquid is known as the buoyant force. The buoyant force B is found as B = W1 – W2 (3) where W1 is the weight of the object in air and W2 is the weight of the submerged object. The buoyant force is equal to the difference between the weight of the object in air and the weight of the object while submerged. Dividing this difference by the volume displaced, V, gives the weight per unit volume from which density can be calculated. ρ = B / V (4) A third method of making a
Fluid Properties: Density and Surface Tension
Table of Contents: OBJECTIVE 1 THEORY 2-3 PROCEDURE 4-6 RESULTS 7-8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 9 APPENDIX 10
OBJECT:
The object of this experiment was to determine the density of a fluid by performing three different methods and use that determined density to calculate the surface tension of the fluid.
THEORY:
The density of any substance is defined as the mass per unit volume and is denoted by ρ. ρ = m / V (1) m is the mass of a substance and V is the volume occupied by the mass. The density of a liquid remains sensibly constant because the volume occupied by a given mass of a liquid is almost invariable. From this it may be noted that a liquid may be taken as virtually incompressible. There are several different methods that can be used to determine a fluid’s density. One method is to weigh a known volume of the liquid using a graduated cylinder or beaker and a scale. The beaker is weighed empty and then filled to a certain volume according to the graduations on it and weighed again. The difference in weight divided by the volume gives the weight per unit volume of the liquid. This measurement is expressed as, ρ = (m2 – m1) / V (2) where m1 is the weight of the empty beaker and m2 is the weight of the filled beaker. A second method of finding density involves measuring the buoyant force exerted on a submerged object. The difference between the weight of an object in air and the weight of the object in liquid is known as the buoyant force. The buoyant force B is found as B = W1 – W2 (3) where W1 is the weight of the object in air and W2 is the weight of the submerged object. The buoyant force is equal to the difference between the weight of the object in air and the weight of the object while submerged. Dividing this difference by the volume displaced, V, gives the weight per unit volume from which density can be calculated. ρ = B / V (4) A third method of making a
Bibliography: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 3rd Edition William S. Janna (1993)