Floating Community
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION A Floating Community is a concept to provide much desired assistance to slums that are frequently destroyed during times of flooding. A Floating Community concept takes its environmental responsibilities seriously and endeavors to always choose the most sustainable options. According to Architect Felino Palafox Jr., the design of stilt house is the ideal, but a floating house is the ultimate solution to flooding since it would just float as soon as floodwater rises. 1.1 Background of the Study The Malabon City is a coastal town situated in the Northern part of Metro Manila. The city is a bounded on the north and northeast by Valenzuela on the west and southwest by Navotas and the east and southeast by Caloocan City. The city has a generally flat topography, with a slope ranging 0 to 5 percent. The rivers of Navotas, Tuliahan and Malabon link the City‗s area to Manila Bay. The three river system influence the physical feature of Malabon with fishponds extending inland from Manila Bay and barangay abutting the three bodies‗ water prone to flooding. The dumping wastes into the river had caused serious problems of pollution that adversely affect the environment. Among the areas bounded by the river beds which are prone to flooding are Tinajeros, Longos, Nilugan, Catmon, Muzon and Hulong Duhat. Malabon City had a backlog of four thousand one hundred nineteen (4, 119) housing units based on the Census on Population and Housing conducted by the National Statistics Office in the year 2000. Large number of which is attributed to double-up households compromising of 3,326 or 81% of city‗s housing backlog. Any urbanizing city is risk to declining the environment. With the increasing population and corresponding increase in social and economic activities the environmental degradation will invariably increase. Frequent flooding in Malabon caused by high tides, heavy rains, river overflows and flat terrain result in high economic losses and disturbances to social activities. Residents of the city have been perennially suffering from physical, psychological and moral devastation brought by floods. The flooding problems in the city are aggravated by inadequate drainage system, improper waste disposal, reclamation activities and storm surges which are beyond human control.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Malabon City needs to provide more jobs not only to those who are presently unemployed and underemployed, but also to the large and progressively increasing numbers of individuals who will be joining the labor force in the years to come. There is also a need for the City to earn, save and provide adequate financial support to its overall development. The realization of this however, will not be to extent of sacrificing the environment and the ecosystem of the city. The possible solution to this problem of lack in housing and the flooding problems in Malabon City is to have a Floating Community where people can have a suitable ambiance and satisfy to their livelihood during the rainy season or not. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The researcher wants to find out the following: Slums are tight on space and many have grown up along the water and are at risk for rising water level. People who lives in slum areas, often times are connected with crimes and cruelly acts. For the reason of the appalling environment of the slum, the people living in these areas are most of the times associated with the ferocious acts of crime, even if there are only few who contravene the decree. Often times, there are assaulted and differentiated only because of the nature of their living area. The informal settlers particularly those that live near the rivers, specifically in Malabon area are in danger zones. Not only do they put themselves at the periphery of disaster but also endanger the In what way can architecture aid in solving this problem in our Malabon City? What are the needs that can be addressed through architecture? What are the sustainable solutions for the rising water level in Malabon City? What kind of design and structure would be most suitable for the floating houses? river‗s ecosystem. All species that depend on the river would be put to maltreatment because of the contagion of that the people do to river. The environment is harmed as it is conceded with the lives of people. The deficiency of sufficient housing is a priority problem facing the Malabon. Some factors that combine to provoke the situation are low average family income, prohibitive cost of land, land speculation, materials and constructions, insufficient credit facilities for low-income families and natural population growth intensified by inmigration. The delinquent of Malabon in environmental management is the increasing air and water pollution as a direct consequence of urbanization, population growth and increasing economic activities. The garbage collection problems are in accessible areas, passageway and narrow streets due to constraints in the number of garbage collectors and facilities.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
1.3 Objectives of the Study The project generally is concerned to the increase of the number of informal settlers in urban areas. Although there are solutions that were implemented, there are also some that are still in the process, these cannot cope up with the continuous gravitation of the problem. The following are the objectives of the floating community:
1.4 Significance of the Study Social Significance The project is significant to the society because it will help them sustainably by having an innovative and better housing for informal settlers. It will also provide sustainability, ―getting resources but also giving back to the environment‖. An introduction of environmental-smart housing is one solution to make a floating community that more sensitive to the society as well as helping the environment and the informal settlers. Significance to the Researcher
discrimination by non- associating them to crimes and injustices.
marginal and low- income families with affordable and acceptable shelter including basic support services. To be a floating community and widen the use of floating photovoltaic systems to generate energy for electricity. p and demonstrate appropriate and sustainable energy solutions for floating communities, particularly waste-to-energy bio digesters and micro-solar power.
The project is also significant to the researcher, because she will learn to deal with actual problems, which may be encountered in the process of designing, programming, developing and possibly achieving the project. The researcher has the added incentive that the knowledge gained and possible implementation of the project one day may benefit the city and its vicinity.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
The beneficiary of the project are the homeless and underprivileged citizens especially those that are living around of the river areas in Malabon City. The provision of a socialized housing is needed to upgrade the lives of the homeless citizens and to contribute to the urban renewal. Prior to this, there is such a law that provides the rules and regulations of socialized housing. According to RA7279 (Article 5) there are certain criteria‗s for a person to qualify for the socialized housing program and became a beneficiary. Must be a Filipino Citizen Must be underprivileged and homeless (as defined in Section 3 of RA 7279) Must not be professional squatter or a member of squatting syndicate Must not own any real property whether in the urban or rural areas.
Architectural significance This will empower the city of Malabon in line with the new floating community that can resolve the rising water level during a heavy rain. Significance to the client The study will be benefit the local government by having better feedbacks from the other local government and local residents that are interested in floating community in Malabon City. 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study The project is a floating community covered of a socialized housing for the informal settlers in Malabon City that experiencing the rising water level during heavy rains. It is mainly on slum areas of the Malabon City. Also, the situation in that area has been worsened because of the overflow of informal settlers.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
The study cannot mainly solve the problems in squatting but it can help in the process of urban renewal. Every change starts in the small but efficient solutions, as time passes, this would progressively be implemented, and the rate of the informal settlers would slowly decrease. The study would also tackle about the manner of the community could help itself. The study would help in determination of livelihood project for the relocates and support them through this method. The proposed project is intended with following development analysis and will be limited to the following conditions: Provision of open spaces Provision of basic structural element in housing Provision of water supply and electrical facilities Provision of sewage treatment plant Provision of livelihood facilities
Chapter II
2.1 Review Related Literature and Studies The study aims to develop and adapt innovative ways for heavy flooding and to make a community for the informal settlers. In addition to that, to have a fully design for the community and to identify ways for adapting climate change that we encounter today. Literature review serves as a source of information of what will be the research to be conducted. It serves as baseline data of the study. 2.1.1 Sustainable Site Strategies to Mitigate Urban Flooding and Water Pollution Sustainable sites mitigate urban flooding and water pollution by protecting and restoring the capacity of a site to cleanse and temporarily store water. Design teams can hold water on-site using both built (porous paving and green roofs) and natural (vegetation and soil) site components that intercept, infiltrate and evaporate rainwater. Rainwater can also be harvested and stored in cisterns or other containers for reuse on the landscape or in buildings.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Site Strategies to Mitigate Urban Flooding and Water Pollution include the following: Avoid the development of flood prone areas Restore previously developed floodplains Reduce impervious surfaces Protect and restore soil health Increase vegetative cover Slow storm water runoff and improve infiltration they are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology. The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between £120,000 and £330,000 to buy, runs to 5,000 names, claims Mr Van der Woerdt. "We expect to build between 50 and 200 floating homes a year. We estimate that for every 100 homes built in the next few years, 3-4% will be floating ones." The developers, Ooms Bouwmaatschappij, have lodged an application to build a 40-home floating "mini-village" in Leeuwarden, about 100 miles north-west of Amsterdam, while the government itself is building the country's first floating road. Construction of the experimental stretch of road, which is moored in the centre of a river Maas tributary in the southern Netherlands, is to be wound up in June. If successful officials say the idea may be taken up nationwide. "It's a new concept," explains Hetty Bouwhuys, a government spokeswoman. "We hope such roads can be built on reclaimed land. We have a lot of water here in the Netherlands so why not use it." With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside. A pilot project covering 50 hectares (125 acres) of flooded land near Amsterdam's Schiphol airport is planned for either next year or 2005.
2.1.2 Dutch float solution to housing crisis Andrew Osborn, February 2003 Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding; the Netherlands is to start building homes, businesses and even roads which float in water. Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already moored off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg. Before being placed on the water and manoeuvred into position by tugboats, the houses are constructed on land atop concrete pontoons, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene reinforced with steel. The pontoons are said to be unsinkable because
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
"We have had lots of problems with flooding and heavy rainfall in areas where we have glasshouses," says Dr Chris Zevenbergen, a director of the construction company behind the project. "We are one of the most vulnerable deltas in the world so all these ideas stem from that." Controversially, people like Dr Zevenbergen, who advise the Dutch government on flood defence, want to give up some low-lying pieces of land reclaimed from the sea or rivers to better protect the country against flooding. The resulting "emergency basins" would better absorb rainfall and other excess water, it is argued, and could be "used" further by hosting floating homes and greenhouses. "Forty percent of new homes to be built in the next few years will be built in areas prone to flooding," argues Dr Zevenbergen. "So we have to do something or we will suffer." The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline - floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Mr Van der Woerdt said. Home but not so dry How it works Giant lumps of polystyrene encased in light but tough concrete, reinforced with steel. The house, greenhouse or road is built on top, placed on water, moved into position and anchored Mobility Restless homeowners can take their floating home with them and moor it elsewhere
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
Limits Gardens attract mosquitoes but roof terraces, balconies and terraces are options. No limit to size - office blocks and 20-room homes feasible. Floating roads can bear traffic travelling at 50mph No DIY Homes need zero upkeep and never need repainting. Aluminium outer panels need just the odd wipe down Flood-proof The structures are loosely anchored to fixed points to adapt to rising or falling water levels. Large parts of the greenhouses will be made from transparent plastic, not glass, for extra durability.
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.3 Floating Homes: Solution to Rising Sea Levels Noah‘s ark had the right principle the day the Great Flood came. Instead of scrambling up to higher ground to escape, the ark floated along with the rising water levels and was ultimately saved. ―The world might not experience such a sudden rise in water levels today, but experts say it is happening slowly: sea levels are rising and putting not only coastal communities at risk but whole cities and nations.‖ Therefore, the search for solutions regarding the problems of rising sea levels has led some to an interesting idea: floating homes and structures staying above rising sea levels. EcoUrbanLiving shares that the idea of marine cities, once considered futuristic and fictional, are being adapted by modern architects into contemporary and practical solutions. Whereas earlier generations thought of whole cities located in the ocean, architects today are working on a much smaller scale – single buildings such as floating homes and hospitals. Dutch architect Koen Olthuis observes that ―The focus on floating solutions has grown enormously. It has shifted from freak architecture to more sustainable, flexible alternatives.‖ He envisions
major cities like London to become hydro-cities adapting to rising water levels, going with the flow instead of fighting to keep it out. While most cities have the advantage and option of adapting, some do not. The entire Maldives archipelago have the very real prospect of disappearing from sight should water levels rise an additional three feet. In US alone an estimated 3.7 million people are at risk of danger from rising sea levels. And the island nation of Kiribati, one of the most vulnerable places to the dangers of rising sea levels, is considering relocating to Fiji or even to a manmade island priced at a cost of $2 billion dollars. ―We‘re considering everything … because we are running out of options,‖ Kiribati President Anote Tong stated. Other nations are also expanding their options should water levels catch up with them. Instead of relocating, floating homes and structures are being tested in different locations. Dutch amphibious homes floated on the River Maas since 2005 and survived 2011 floods. In Germany asailboat-inspired home floats in the Lusatian Lake District. One possible good thing about houses adapting to the problem of climate change-driven rise in sea levels is it gives architects and designers an opportunity to rethink houses to be more sustainable and energy efficient. Confused Directions‘ Silverbeaver
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Hausboot is an example of how sustainability can be integrated in the design of floating homes. The Silverbeaver blends in with the environment and is built with highly efficient materials. The German sailboat-inspired home is also designed to be energy efficient both in structure and features. 2.1.4 Floating a solution to rising sea levels The 'Lilypad' could be the cure to our rising sea levels. For those of you worried about our eventual loss of land due to global warming — Robert Correll, chairman of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, estimates the mighty ocean could rise six feet by the year 2100 — this development should soothe your anxiety: the Lilypad. Its architect, Vincent Callebaut, calls it ―a floating ecopolis for climate refugees.‖ Callebaut is no writer. ―New biotechnological prototype of ecologic resilience dedicated to the nomadism and the urban ecology in the sea,‖ is how he describes the project — but he‘s certainly a visionary. Lilypad, he says, ―travels on the water line of the oceans, from the equator to the poles following the marine streams warm ascending of the Gulf Stream or cold descending of the Labrador.‖ It‘s a mobile home of the aquatic variety. The structure looks like a spaceship/houseboat, a saucer bobbing on the water with gardens blooming above it, but it‘s really a floating city. The Lilypad, Callebaut says, can hold 50,000 people. It‘s kind of like an atoll, with the flora and fauna inhabiting a ―central lagoon of soft water.‖ 2.1.5 Local Solutions: Floating Schools in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, where rising sea levels are having profound effects on the landscape, one nonprofit organization called Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha run by architect Mohammed Rezwan is fighting back by adapting, a true quality of resilience. Rising water levels and the tumultuous climate is displacing people by the thousands; a projected 20% of Bangladesh is expected to be covered in water within twenty years. For a country that is one of the densest populated state on the planet, this figure has disastrous consequences for a population that has limited access to fresh water, food, and medicine. In response to these conditions, Shidhulai has focused on providing education, training and care against the odds of climate change by adapting to the altered landscape: moving schools and community centers onto the water – on boats. Resilience has many approaches. In recent months, New York City has been battling with the consequences of building along the waterfront and questioning the approach necessary to protect itself against future incidents. Meanwhile, in other parts of the world, these concerns have been the reality for many years. Venice is frequently flooded but its main form of transportation is by gondola along its narrow canals flanked by century-old buildings and occasional walkways. Amsterdam faces the constant threat of being overpowered by the three bodies of water that surround it. But Amsterdam has embraced its position and has designed preventative measures to keep the water at bay. It‘s architecture has even been so bold as to build out onto the water.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.6 Charles E. Buban, Philippine Daily Inquirer. FLOATING’ House could help PH tackle flooding crisis When it rains, it pours. The past few days have seen a slew of floods in several parts of Luzon including the whole of Metro Manila, and it‘s not even caused by a typhoon. With increasingly unpredictable weather conditions and the prevalence of flash floods and very heavy monsoon rain, building secure flood-proof structures is becoming even more vital. Which is why designs for aqueous living should be on the minds of every architect. Among the ideas that should capture their attention is this particular housing project spearheaded by American actor Brad Pitt in New Orleans, the site of the devastating flood in 2005 (as aggravated by Hurricane Katrina). With so much of the New Orleans lying below sea level, devastating floods are inevitable so Pitt and his Make It Right Foundation decided to invite world-renowned architects to build 150 houses that are designed to deal with flooding. Pitt founded Make It Right in 2007 to help Lower 9th Ward residents who lost their homes during Typhoon Katrina in 2005. While these sustainable affordable homes were created for New Orleans, they could be replicated around the world. The architects Pitt enlisted include Morphosis Architects, which came up with a unique floating house design aimed at answering the challenge posed by New Orleans‘ flooding problem.
Called the Float House, it goes beyond sustainable design and construction and is built within the context of its environment. While other houses in the Lower 9th Ward site were either on stilts or were composed of several levels, Morphosis opted for a single-story design that retains the look of the existing community as well as makes it more accessible to occupants who didn‘t want to or could not get up a long flight of stairs. 3.7 meters Should the water rise, the house will literally break away from its moorings and rise up to 3.7 meters (12 feet). As it rises, the house will safely detach itself from its electrical lines, gas and plumbing. To help the house float, the base is made up of polystyrene foam coated in glass fiber-reinforced concrete. To ensure that the house will not float away should the current increase, two guide posts on both ends serve as anchor and guide that help stabilize the house as it follows the rising water. Once the maximum height is reached, the Float House will be transformed into a raft that would provide its occupants with enough battery power to allow them to run appliances and survive for up to three days until help arrives.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.7 Bryan G. Villasana & Leo O. Laparan II. Tempo News. FLOATING HOUSE According to Morphosis founder and winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, Thom Mayne, while the Float House has never been tested in real-life flood conditions, his firm has conducted extensive computer simulations and modeled it to withstand Hurricane Katrina-like conditions. The Netherlands The idea of a floating house is of course, no longer new as Morphosis informed that the technology employed in the Floating House is already being used in The Netherlands, a country which is located below sea level and is actively working to address rising sea levels as expected with climate change. Instead of cursing their fate, Dutch architects are designing a new Holland that will float on water. The idea in that country is to build floating foundations—that is, employing concrete boxed filled with some kind of buoyant plastic foam—that could be used as a stable platform for buildings to stand on. Such worries are not without basis. A United Nations panel reported that many millions more people are projected to be flooded every year due to sea-level rise by the 2080s.
Manila, Philippines – The construction of floating houses is among the remedial measures proposed to address the problems of flooding in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Renowned urban planner Architect Felino ―Jun‖ Palafox Jr. labeled these measures as ―adaptive architecture.‖ Palafox said there is a need to design and build houses and other structures in Metro Manila that can best deal with massive flooding in the country‗s capital. Targeting full implementation by 2016, Palafox recommended that the government build elevated establishments, interconnected walkway and monorail to connect with the existing LRT and MRT stations in the metro. Palafox noted that the famed city of Venice is already adapting this style of architecture and that the Philippine government just needs political will to be able to ensure the designs‗ implementation. The same style has already been adopted in the Big Complex in Cagayan de Oro, which was elevated by 11.5 meters. Some parts of Marikina Riverbanks were also on their way to adapting this architectural concept.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Designed by his firm, Palafox Associates, houses located in floodprone areas will have a foundation that has a floating mechanism made of rubber boats, plastic bottles or kawayan (bamboo). Like the concept of a raft, this mechanism will enable houses to float during onslaught of typhoons and massive flooding. Residents can also use light materials, like bamboo, as part of the entire establishment. To ensure that houses won‗t move along with the flow of the flood, extruding columns made of concrete materials will be installed in the four corners to hold the entire structure even if it floats. House designs will also have extending roofs or wind deflector to prevent roof destruction caused by strong winds. For commercial buildings or condominiums, a roof garden can be placed instead of ordinary roofing to reduce the amount of rain flow that may cause flood in the area, since plants and trees have waterabsorbing capabilities. Palafox also said that with people expecting flood rushing into their establishments, the first or ground floor of their buildings should be free of any valuable stuff or electric wirings to minimize risk of disaster. The ground level can be allotted for parking or activity/function area. Residents should also have a provision for storage at their buildings‗ roof decks in cases of emergency or immediate evacuation. Meanwhile, Palafox lamented how the government, from the administration of now Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to President Aquino, seemed to ignore his recommendations in addressing disasters in the country. ―How can we entice investors? How can we say ‗it‗s more fun in the Philippines‗ with all the sufferings now?‖ said Palafox in an interview aired on GMA News TV. He also noted that of the 60 proposals he sent, only one — hazard mapping — was given the nod. After the great flood caused by Tropical Strom ―Ondoy‖ three years ago, Palafox also made 23 recommendations to solve the massive flooding in Metro Manila. The list includes elevation of cities, relocation of people to higher ground, cleaning of all rivers and waterways, building of a spillway from Laguna Lake to Manila Bay, implementation of proper solid waste management, and updating of old urban plans to fit the 21st century. Palafox said that if the government would only spend at least P10 billion for these projects, the effects would greatly benefit human life and appreciation of land value. Sought for their reaction, Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Major Flood Control Project Director Patrick Gatan revealed that since the Ondoy disaster, they operated based on the grant given by World Bank to first study and improve Metro Manila flood control projects.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
DPWH‗s study resulted in prioritizing flood control projects of the Pasig-Marikina River network, which is not far from overflowing during days of torrential rains and further inundating low-lying areas of Metro Manila. Pasig River, in particular, has been the subject of immense rehabilitation efforts since being declared ―biologically dead‖ two decades ago. The study also covered improvement of large dams, which appeared to have the highest flood risk. Gatan clarified that the final report was only submitted last March and before it will be implemented, it still has to undergo the President‗s approval and final screening of the National Economic Development and Authority (NEDA). Gatan also noted that the completion of all projects can fully be attained in approximately five years and that the government is already starting its short-term solutions, including dredging, to address flooding issues. 2.2 Hypothesis and Assumption This project for an effective consequence intended to meet sustainable solution for the floating community. This will lead to an improved, sustainably efficient and well-structured a socialized housing in Malabon City. Floating community resolves the issues involving the homeless citizens located in flood prone areas of Malabon City. Appropriate socialized housing will significantly evade crowding of slums and eradicate crime and disease obtaining incidence. 2.3 Definition of Terms Alley – a public way with a width of 2.0 meters intended to break a block and to serve both pedestrian and for emergency vehicles, both ends connecting to streets. It shall not be used as access to property. Block - A parcel of land bounded on the sides by streets occupied by or intended for buildings. Dwelling - a building designed or used as residence for one or more families. a. Dwelling Types Single Detached - a dwelling for 1 family which is completely surrounded by permanent open spaces, with independent access, services, and use of land.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Duplex/Single Attached - a dwelling containing 2 or more separate living units each of which is separated from another by party or lot lines walls and provided with independent access, services, and use of land. Such dwelling shall include duplexes, quadruplex or terraces, and cluster housing. Row house - a single-attached dwelling containing 3 or more separate living units designed in such a way that they abut each other at the sides, as in a row, and are separated from each other by party walls; provided with independent access, and use of land. There shall be a maximum of 20 units per block or cluster but in no case shall this be beyond 100 meters in length. Single-family dwelling – shall mean single family per lot. Multi Family Dwelling – a dwelling on 1 lot containing separate living units for 3 or more families, usually provided with common access, services and use of land. Economic Housing - a type of housing project provided to average income families. Frontage - that part or end of a lot which abuts a street. Living Unit - a dwelling, or portion thereof, providing complete living facilities for 1 family, including provisions for living, sleeping, cooking, eating, bathing and toilet facilities and laundry facilities, the same as a single-family dwelling. Lot - a portion of a subdivision or any parcel of land intended as a unit for transfer of ownership or for building development. Open Space - shall refer to areas allocated for the following purposes: a. Circulation b. Community facilities c. Park/playground d. Easements e. Courts New Settlement refers to socialized housing projects or similar housing developments for underprivileged and homeless citizens, which may or may not be provided with access to basic facilities and services as provided in Sections 21 and 22 of UDHA. Rehabilitation refers to the repair and restoration of existing socialized housing units or projects which are already considered as non-performing assets of government housing agencies, in accordance with the standards and the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing. Resettlement Areas refers to areas identified by the appropriate national agency or by a local government unit with respect to areas within its jurisdiction which shall be used for the relocation of underprivileged homeless citizens. Socialized Housing refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lots or homelots only undertaken by the Government or by the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in accordance with the provisions of RA 7279.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Socialized Housing Project refers to residential subdivision projects, and multilevel and medium rise housing projects, and condominium projects sold at the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing undertaken by the Government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall comply with the standards under BP 220 and the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing. c. Physical Suitability Site shall be located within suitable sites for housing and outside potential in hazard prone areas, protection areas and critical areas. 3.1 The Site To meet the needs of the project and its users, a set of criteria are formed. These criteria were derived from a survey, and the requirements of the local government in Malabon City. 3.1.1. Setting of the Criteria a. Conformity with zoning ordinance Site shall be located in Residential zones or other areas appropriate for Residential uses. b. Accessibility The site thereof must be accessible from and serve by access road to public transportation lines preferably proximate to basic utilities of services such as water supply, drainage system, sewerage system, and power supply. Site selection is one of the number one aspects in project construction, this criteria are the consideration that must satisfy for the site that will suitable requirements of the project. It should be a Government owned property It should have an access to the interior or service road It should near to main thoroughfare It should be accessible to neighboring villages and subdivision. It should accommodate facilities that will benefit the community and neighboring areas. There are existing electrical, water, and communication facilities.
Chapter III
3.1.2 Site Selection
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.3 Site Analysis 3.1.3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS a. Strength It have an access to the interior or service road Its near to the main street The roads going to the site is good. The site is suitable for the project There is strong signal for cellphones Strategic location of the city –accessibility and proximity to all establishments and utilities. d. Threats Roads become slippery when raining
b. Weakness It is located beside of Dampa sa Paseo (main source of noise) It is relatively far in main market It always traffic going to the main road There will be job opportunities for residents in the surrounding area It will attract more foreign and local tourists because it is a new proposal in the country.
c. Opportunity
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4 Macro Analysis 3.1.4.1 Site Description
Malabon City The site is located near at Tinajeros River and will fits on the floating community.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4.2 Location Map
Road Network Catmon, Malabon City is accessible through 4 exits from the Monumento.. The first leads to Brgy. Niugan to Navotas City. Next is through Acacia to Valenzuela City and shortcut through Monumento. Next is through Brgy. Niugan to Obando, Bulacan.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4.3 Dimension Map
TOTAL AREA 8.5 Hectares
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5 MICRO ANALYSIS 3.1.5.1 WIND ANALYSIS AND SUNPATH
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.2 Vicinity Map
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.3 Traffic Analysis
The site accessible only in one way: To the left is going to E. Nopi Malabon and to right is to Catmon, Malabon. The road in the site has a 6m with. Fair enough to accommodate a two-way traffic.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.4 Views of the Site
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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Mode of Transportation PNR Jeeps Tricycles Pedicabs 3.1.6 Laws and Ordinances 3.1.6.1 Low Cost and Socialized Housing Design criteria for low cost and socialized housing shall conform to BP 220 Feasibility study shall consider the environmental impact of the project 3.1.6.3 Use Regulation in Low Density Residential Zone An R-1 shall be used principally for housing/dwelling purposes so as to maintain the peace and quiet of the area within the zone with a density of 20 dwelling units per one hectare. The following are allowable uses: Detached family dwelling Semi- detached family dwelling Customary accessory uses like: o Private garage, servant‘s quarter, guard house 3.1.6.2 General District Regulation Section 1. Development Density Permitted density shall be based on the zones capacity to support development. A. Residential Zones a. Low Density Residential zone (R-1) zone allowed density is twenty dwelling units and below per hectare. b. Medium Density Residential zone (R-2) zone allowed density is twenty one- sixty five dwelling units per hectares B. All other Zones a. There is no fixed maximum density but should be based on the planned absolute level of density that is intended for each concerned zone based on the comprehensive land use plan.
3.1.6.2 General Provisions The local zoning board of adjustment and appeals (LZBAA) shall subject to the requirements of this Article, allow other uses not enumerated here under provided that they are compatible with the uses expressly allowed. Allowance of further uses shall be based on the intrinsic qualities of the land and the socio-economic potential of the locality with the due regard to the maintenance of the essential qualities of the zone. Specific uses/ activities of lesser density within a particular zone (R-1) may be allowed within the zone of higher density (R-2, R-3) but not vice versa; nor in another zone and its subdivisions except for uses expressly allowed in sand zones; such that the cumulative effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and not inter zonal.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Section 2. Height Regulations Building height must conform to the height restrictions and requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO) as well as the requirements of the national building code, the structural code as well as all laws, ordinances, design standards, rules and regulations related to land development and building construction and the various safety codes. A. Residential Zones a. Low Density Residential Zone (R-1) zone no building or structure both for human occupancy whether public or private shall be higher than ten (10 ) meters above the highest natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (main entry) level; low rise dwelling are up to three storeys. b. Medium Density Residential Zone (R-2) zone no building or structure for human occupancy whether public or private shall be higher than 21meters above highest natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (main entry) level; mid-rise dwellings are four to seven storeys. B. All other Zone a. There is no fixed building height limits except those prescribed by the air transportation office (ATO) and other government regulations. Within these zones building height shall be based on the prescribed floor area ratio (flar). Section 6. Easements Pursuant to the provisions of the water code 1. The bank of the rivers, streams and shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three meters in agricultural areas. 2. Twenty meters in agricultural areas 3. Forty meters in forest areas; along their margins, are subject to easement of public use in the interest of recreation navigation, float age, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in the zone longer than what is necessary for space or recreation, navigation, float age, fishing and salvage or to build structure of any kind. Mandatory five-meter easement on fault traces on the ground identified by PHILVOCS. Section 7. Buffer Regulations A buffer of 3 meters shall provide entire along boundary length between two or more conflicting zones allocating 1.5 meters from each side of the district boundary. Such buffer strip should be open and not encroached upon by any building or structure and should be part of the yard or open space.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION A Floating Community is a concept to provide much desired assistance to slums that are frequently destroyed during times of flooding. A Floating Community concept takes its environmental responsibilities seriously and endeavors to always choose the most sustainable options. According to Architect Felino Palafox Jr., the design of stilt house is the ideal, but a floating house is the ultimate solution to flooding since it would just float as soon as floodwater rises. 1.1 Background of the Study The Malabon City is a coastal town situated in the Northern part of Metro Manila. The city is a bounded on the north and northeast by Valenzuela on the west and southwest by Navotas and the east and southeast by Caloocan City. The city has a generally flat topography, with a slope ranging 0 to 5 percent. The rivers of Navotas, Tuliahan and Malabon link the City‗s area to Manila Bay. The three river system influence the physical feature of Malabon with fishponds extending inland from Manila Bay and barangay abutting the three bodies‗ water prone to flooding. The dumping wastes into the river had caused serious problems of pollution that adversely affect the environment. Among the areas bounded by the river beds which are prone to flooding are Tinajeros, Longos, Nilugan, Catmon, Muzon and Hulong Duhat. Malabon City had a backlog of four thousand one hundred nineteen (4, 119) housing units based on the Census on Population and Housing conducted by the National Statistics Office in the year 2000. Large number of which is attributed to double-up households compromising of 3,326 or 81% of city‗s housing backlog. Any urbanizing city is risk to declining the environment. With the increasing population and corresponding increase in social and economic activities the environmental degradation will invariably increase. Frequent flooding in Malabon caused by high tides, heavy rains, river overflows and flat terrain result in high economic losses and disturbances to social activities. Residents of the city have been perennially suffering from physical, psychological and moral devastation brought by floods. The flooding problems in the city are aggravated by inadequate drainage system, improper waste disposal, reclamation activities and storm surges which are beyond human control.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Malabon City needs to provide more jobs not only to those who are presently unemployed and underemployed, but also to the large and progressively increasing numbers of individuals who will be joining the labor force in the years to come. There is also a need for the City to earn, save and provide adequate financial support to its overall development. The realization of this however, will not be to extent of sacrificing the environment and the ecosystem of the city. The possible solution to this problem of lack in housing and the flooding problems in Malabon City is to have a Floating Community where people can have a suitable ambiance and satisfy to their livelihood during the rainy season or not. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The researcher wants to find out the following: Slums are tight on space and many have grown up along the water and are at risk for rising water level. People who lives in slum areas, often times are connected with crimes and cruelly acts. For the reason of the appalling environment of the slum, the people living in these areas are most of the times associated with the ferocious acts of crime, even if there are only few who contravene the decree. Often times, there are assaulted and differentiated only because of the nature of their living area. The informal settlers particularly those that live near the rivers, specifically in Malabon area are in danger zones. Not only do they put themselves at the periphery of disaster but also endanger the In what way can architecture aid in solving this problem in our Malabon City? What are the needs that can be addressed through architecture? What are the sustainable solutions for the rising water level in Malabon City? What kind of design and structure would be most suitable for the floating houses? river‗s ecosystem. All species that depend on the river would be put to maltreatment because of the contagion of that the people do to river. The environment is harmed as it is conceded with the lives of people. The deficiency of sufficient housing is a priority problem facing the Malabon. Some factors that combine to provoke the situation are low average family income, prohibitive cost of land, land speculation, materials and constructions, insufficient credit facilities for low-income families and natural population growth intensified by inmigration. The delinquent of Malabon in environmental management is the increasing air and water pollution as a direct consequence of urbanization, population growth and increasing economic activities. The garbage collection problems are in accessible areas, passageway and narrow streets due to constraints in the number of garbage collectors and facilities.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
1.3 Objectives of the Study The project generally is concerned to the increase of the number of informal settlers in urban areas. Although there are solutions that were implemented, there are also some that are still in the process, these cannot cope up with the continuous gravitation of the problem. The following are the objectives of the floating community:
1.4 Significance of the Study Social Significance The project is significant to the society because it will help them sustainably by having an innovative and better housing for informal settlers. It will also provide sustainability, ―getting resources but also giving back to the environment‖. An introduction of environmental-smart housing is one solution to make a floating community that more sensitive to the society as well as helping the environment and the informal settlers. Significance to the Researcher
discrimination by non- associating them to crimes and injustices.
marginal and low- income families with affordable and acceptable shelter including basic support services. To be a floating community and widen the use of floating photovoltaic systems to generate energy for electricity. p and demonstrate appropriate and sustainable energy solutions for floating communities, particularly waste-to-energy bio digesters and micro-solar power.
The project is also significant to the researcher, because she will learn to deal with actual problems, which may be encountered in the process of designing, programming, developing and possibly achieving the project. The researcher has the added incentive that the knowledge gained and possible implementation of the project one day may benefit the city and its vicinity.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
The beneficiary of the project are the homeless and underprivileged citizens especially those that are living around of the river areas in Malabon City. The provision of a socialized housing is needed to upgrade the lives of the homeless citizens and to contribute to the urban renewal. Prior to this, there is such a law that provides the rules and regulations of socialized housing. According to RA7279 (Article 5) there are certain criteria‗s for a person to qualify for the socialized housing program and became a beneficiary. Must be a Filipino Citizen Must be underprivileged and homeless (as defined in Section 3 of RA 7279) Must not be professional squatter or a member of squatting syndicate Must not own any real property whether in the urban or rural areas.
Architectural significance This will empower the city of Malabon in line with the new floating community that can resolve the rising water level during a heavy rain. Significance to the client The study will be benefit the local government by having better feedbacks from the other local government and local residents that are interested in floating community in Malabon City. 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study The project is a floating community covered of a socialized housing for the informal settlers in Malabon City that experiencing the rising water level during heavy rains. It is mainly on slum areas of the Malabon City. Also, the situation in that area has been worsened because of the overflow of informal settlers.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
The study cannot mainly solve the problems in squatting but it can help in the process of urban renewal. Every change starts in the small but efficient solutions, as time passes, this would progressively be implemented, and the rate of the informal settlers would slowly decrease. The study would also tackle about the manner of the community could help itself. The study would help in determination of livelihood project for the relocates and support them through this method. The proposed project is intended with following development analysis and will be limited to the following conditions: Provision of open spaces Provision of basic structural element in housing Provision of water supply and electrical facilities Provision of sewage treatment plant Provision of livelihood facilities
Chapter II
2.1 Review Related Literature and Studies The study aims to develop and adapt innovative ways for heavy flooding and to make a community for the informal settlers. In addition to that, to have a fully design for the community and to identify ways for adapting climate change that we encounter today. Literature review serves as a source of information of what will be the research to be conducted. It serves as baseline data of the study. 2.1.1 Sustainable Site Strategies to Mitigate Urban Flooding and Water Pollution Sustainable sites mitigate urban flooding and water pollution by protecting and restoring the capacity of a site to cleanse and temporarily store water. Design teams can hold water on-site using both built (porous paving and green roofs) and natural (vegetation and soil) site components that intercept, infiltrate and evaporate rainwater. Rainwater can also be harvested and stored in cisterns or other containers for reuse on the landscape or in buildings.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Site Strategies to Mitigate Urban Flooding and Water Pollution include the following: Avoid the development of flood prone areas Restore previously developed floodplains Reduce impervious surfaces Protect and restore soil health Increase vegetative cover Slow storm water runoff and improve infiltration they are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology. The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between £120,000 and £330,000 to buy, runs to 5,000 names, claims Mr Van der Woerdt. "We expect to build between 50 and 200 floating homes a year. We estimate that for every 100 homes built in the next few years, 3-4% will be floating ones." The developers, Ooms Bouwmaatschappij, have lodged an application to build a 40-home floating "mini-village" in Leeuwarden, about 100 miles north-west of Amsterdam, while the government itself is building the country's first floating road. Construction of the experimental stretch of road, which is moored in the centre of a river Maas tributary in the southern Netherlands, is to be wound up in June. If successful officials say the idea may be taken up nationwide. "It's a new concept," explains Hetty Bouwhuys, a government spokeswoman. "We hope such roads can be built on reclaimed land. We have a lot of water here in the Netherlands so why not use it." With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers and vegetables, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside. A pilot project covering 50 hectares (125 acres) of flooded land near Amsterdam's Schiphol airport is planned for either next year or 2005.
2.1.2 Dutch float solution to housing crisis Andrew Osborn, February 2003 Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding; the Netherlands is to start building homes, businesses and even roads which float in water. Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already moored off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg. Before being placed on the water and manoeuvred into position by tugboats, the houses are constructed on land atop concrete pontoons, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene reinforced with steel. The pontoons are said to be unsinkable because
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
"We have had lots of problems with flooding and heavy rainfall in areas where we have glasshouses," says Dr Chris Zevenbergen, a director of the construction company behind the project. "We are one of the most vulnerable deltas in the world so all these ideas stem from that." Controversially, people like Dr Zevenbergen, who advise the Dutch government on flood defence, want to give up some low-lying pieces of land reclaimed from the sea or rivers to better protect the country against flooding. The resulting "emergency basins" would better absorb rainfall and other excess water, it is argued, and could be "used" further by hosting floating homes and greenhouses. "Forty percent of new homes to be built in the next few years will be built in areas prone to flooding," argues Dr Zevenbergen. "So we have to do something or we will suffer." The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline - floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Mr Van der Woerdt said. Home but not so dry How it works Giant lumps of polystyrene encased in light but tough concrete, reinforced with steel. The house, greenhouse or road is built on top, placed on water, moved into position and anchored Mobility Restless homeowners can take their floating home with them and moor it elsewhere
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
Limits Gardens attract mosquitoes but roof terraces, balconies and terraces are options. No limit to size - office blocks and 20-room homes feasible. Floating roads can bear traffic travelling at 50mph No DIY Homes need zero upkeep and never need repainting. Aluminium outer panels need just the odd wipe down Flood-proof The structures are loosely anchored to fixed points to adapt to rising or falling water levels. Large parts of the greenhouses will be made from transparent plastic, not glass, for extra durability.
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.3 Floating Homes: Solution to Rising Sea Levels Noah‘s ark had the right principle the day the Great Flood came. Instead of scrambling up to higher ground to escape, the ark floated along with the rising water levels and was ultimately saved. ―The world might not experience such a sudden rise in water levels today, but experts say it is happening slowly: sea levels are rising and putting not only coastal communities at risk but whole cities and nations.‖ Therefore, the search for solutions regarding the problems of rising sea levels has led some to an interesting idea: floating homes and structures staying above rising sea levels. EcoUrbanLiving shares that the idea of marine cities, once considered futuristic and fictional, are being adapted by modern architects into contemporary and practical solutions. Whereas earlier generations thought of whole cities located in the ocean, architects today are working on a much smaller scale – single buildings such as floating homes and hospitals. Dutch architect Koen Olthuis observes that ―The focus on floating solutions has grown enormously. It has shifted from freak architecture to more sustainable, flexible alternatives.‖ He envisions
major cities like London to become hydro-cities adapting to rising water levels, going with the flow instead of fighting to keep it out. While most cities have the advantage and option of adapting, some do not. The entire Maldives archipelago have the very real prospect of disappearing from sight should water levels rise an additional three feet. In US alone an estimated 3.7 million people are at risk of danger from rising sea levels. And the island nation of Kiribati, one of the most vulnerable places to the dangers of rising sea levels, is considering relocating to Fiji or even to a manmade island priced at a cost of $2 billion dollars. ―We‘re considering everything … because we are running out of options,‖ Kiribati President Anote Tong stated. Other nations are also expanding their options should water levels catch up with them. Instead of relocating, floating homes and structures are being tested in different locations. Dutch amphibious homes floated on the River Maas since 2005 and survived 2011 floods. In Germany asailboat-inspired home floats in the Lusatian Lake District. One possible good thing about houses adapting to the problem of climate change-driven rise in sea levels is it gives architects and designers an opportunity to rethink houses to be more sustainable and energy efficient. Confused Directions‘ Silverbeaver
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Hausboot is an example of how sustainability can be integrated in the design of floating homes. The Silverbeaver blends in with the environment and is built with highly efficient materials. The German sailboat-inspired home is also designed to be energy efficient both in structure and features. 2.1.4 Floating a solution to rising sea levels The 'Lilypad' could be the cure to our rising sea levels. For those of you worried about our eventual loss of land due to global warming — Robert Correll, chairman of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, estimates the mighty ocean could rise six feet by the year 2100 — this development should soothe your anxiety: the Lilypad. Its architect, Vincent Callebaut, calls it ―a floating ecopolis for climate refugees.‖ Callebaut is no writer. ―New biotechnological prototype of ecologic resilience dedicated to the nomadism and the urban ecology in the sea,‖ is how he describes the project — but he‘s certainly a visionary. Lilypad, he says, ―travels on the water line of the oceans, from the equator to the poles following the marine streams warm ascending of the Gulf Stream or cold descending of the Labrador.‖ It‘s a mobile home of the aquatic variety. The structure looks like a spaceship/houseboat, a saucer bobbing on the water with gardens blooming above it, but it‘s really a floating city. The Lilypad, Callebaut says, can hold 50,000 people. It‘s kind of like an atoll, with the flora and fauna inhabiting a ―central lagoon of soft water.‖ 2.1.5 Local Solutions: Floating Schools in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, where rising sea levels are having profound effects on the landscape, one nonprofit organization called Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha run by architect Mohammed Rezwan is fighting back by adapting, a true quality of resilience. Rising water levels and the tumultuous climate is displacing people by the thousands; a projected 20% of Bangladesh is expected to be covered in water within twenty years. For a country that is one of the densest populated state on the planet, this figure has disastrous consequences for a population that has limited access to fresh water, food, and medicine. In response to these conditions, Shidhulai has focused on providing education, training and care against the odds of climate change by adapting to the altered landscape: moving schools and community centers onto the water – on boats. Resilience has many approaches. In recent months, New York City has been battling with the consequences of building along the waterfront and questioning the approach necessary to protect itself against future incidents. Meanwhile, in other parts of the world, these concerns have been the reality for many years. Venice is frequently flooded but its main form of transportation is by gondola along its narrow canals flanked by century-old buildings and occasional walkways. Amsterdam faces the constant threat of being overpowered by the three bodies of water that surround it. But Amsterdam has embraced its position and has designed preventative measures to keep the water at bay. It‘s architecture has even been so bold as to build out onto the water.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.6 Charles E. Buban, Philippine Daily Inquirer. FLOATING’ House could help PH tackle flooding crisis When it rains, it pours. The past few days have seen a slew of floods in several parts of Luzon including the whole of Metro Manila, and it‘s not even caused by a typhoon. With increasingly unpredictable weather conditions and the prevalence of flash floods and very heavy monsoon rain, building secure flood-proof structures is becoming even more vital. Which is why designs for aqueous living should be on the minds of every architect. Among the ideas that should capture their attention is this particular housing project spearheaded by American actor Brad Pitt in New Orleans, the site of the devastating flood in 2005 (as aggravated by Hurricane Katrina). With so much of the New Orleans lying below sea level, devastating floods are inevitable so Pitt and his Make It Right Foundation decided to invite world-renowned architects to build 150 houses that are designed to deal with flooding. Pitt founded Make It Right in 2007 to help Lower 9th Ward residents who lost their homes during Typhoon Katrina in 2005. While these sustainable affordable homes were created for New Orleans, they could be replicated around the world. The architects Pitt enlisted include Morphosis Architects, which came up with a unique floating house design aimed at answering the challenge posed by New Orleans‘ flooding problem.
Called the Float House, it goes beyond sustainable design and construction and is built within the context of its environment. While other houses in the Lower 9th Ward site were either on stilts or were composed of several levels, Morphosis opted for a single-story design that retains the look of the existing community as well as makes it more accessible to occupants who didn‘t want to or could not get up a long flight of stairs. 3.7 meters Should the water rise, the house will literally break away from its moorings and rise up to 3.7 meters (12 feet). As it rises, the house will safely detach itself from its electrical lines, gas and plumbing. To help the house float, the base is made up of polystyrene foam coated in glass fiber-reinforced concrete. To ensure that the house will not float away should the current increase, two guide posts on both ends serve as anchor and guide that help stabilize the house as it follows the rising water. Once the maximum height is reached, the Float House will be transformed into a raft that would provide its occupants with enough battery power to allow them to run appliances and survive for up to three days until help arrives.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
2.1.7 Bryan G. Villasana & Leo O. Laparan II. Tempo News. FLOATING HOUSE According to Morphosis founder and winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, Thom Mayne, while the Float House has never been tested in real-life flood conditions, his firm has conducted extensive computer simulations and modeled it to withstand Hurricane Katrina-like conditions. The Netherlands The idea of a floating house is of course, no longer new as Morphosis informed that the technology employed in the Floating House is already being used in The Netherlands, a country which is located below sea level and is actively working to address rising sea levels as expected with climate change. Instead of cursing their fate, Dutch architects are designing a new Holland that will float on water. The idea in that country is to build floating foundations—that is, employing concrete boxed filled with some kind of buoyant plastic foam—that could be used as a stable platform for buildings to stand on. Such worries are not without basis. A United Nations panel reported that many millions more people are projected to be flooded every year due to sea-level rise by the 2080s.
Manila, Philippines – The construction of floating houses is among the remedial measures proposed to address the problems of flooding in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Renowned urban planner Architect Felino ―Jun‖ Palafox Jr. labeled these measures as ―adaptive architecture.‖ Palafox said there is a need to design and build houses and other structures in Metro Manila that can best deal with massive flooding in the country‗s capital. Targeting full implementation by 2016, Palafox recommended that the government build elevated establishments, interconnected walkway and monorail to connect with the existing LRT and MRT stations in the metro. Palafox noted that the famed city of Venice is already adapting this style of architecture and that the Philippine government just needs political will to be able to ensure the designs‗ implementation. The same style has already been adopted in the Big Complex in Cagayan de Oro, which was elevated by 11.5 meters. Some parts of Marikina Riverbanks were also on their way to adapting this architectural concept.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Designed by his firm, Palafox Associates, houses located in floodprone areas will have a foundation that has a floating mechanism made of rubber boats, plastic bottles or kawayan (bamboo). Like the concept of a raft, this mechanism will enable houses to float during onslaught of typhoons and massive flooding. Residents can also use light materials, like bamboo, as part of the entire establishment. To ensure that houses won‗t move along with the flow of the flood, extruding columns made of concrete materials will be installed in the four corners to hold the entire structure even if it floats. House designs will also have extending roofs or wind deflector to prevent roof destruction caused by strong winds. For commercial buildings or condominiums, a roof garden can be placed instead of ordinary roofing to reduce the amount of rain flow that may cause flood in the area, since plants and trees have waterabsorbing capabilities. Palafox also said that with people expecting flood rushing into their establishments, the first or ground floor of their buildings should be free of any valuable stuff or electric wirings to minimize risk of disaster. The ground level can be allotted for parking or activity/function area. Residents should also have a provision for storage at their buildings‗ roof decks in cases of emergency or immediate evacuation. Meanwhile, Palafox lamented how the government, from the administration of now Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to President Aquino, seemed to ignore his recommendations in addressing disasters in the country. ―How can we entice investors? How can we say ‗it‗s more fun in the Philippines‗ with all the sufferings now?‖ said Palafox in an interview aired on GMA News TV. He also noted that of the 60 proposals he sent, only one — hazard mapping — was given the nod. After the great flood caused by Tropical Strom ―Ondoy‖ three years ago, Palafox also made 23 recommendations to solve the massive flooding in Metro Manila. The list includes elevation of cities, relocation of people to higher ground, cleaning of all rivers and waterways, building of a spillway from Laguna Lake to Manila Bay, implementation of proper solid waste management, and updating of old urban plans to fit the 21st century. Palafox said that if the government would only spend at least P10 billion for these projects, the effects would greatly benefit human life and appreciation of land value. Sought for their reaction, Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Major Flood Control Project Director Patrick Gatan revealed that since the Ondoy disaster, they operated based on the grant given by World Bank to first study and improve Metro Manila flood control projects.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
DPWH‗s study resulted in prioritizing flood control projects of the Pasig-Marikina River network, which is not far from overflowing during days of torrential rains and further inundating low-lying areas of Metro Manila. Pasig River, in particular, has been the subject of immense rehabilitation efforts since being declared ―biologically dead‖ two decades ago. The study also covered improvement of large dams, which appeared to have the highest flood risk. Gatan clarified that the final report was only submitted last March and before it will be implemented, it still has to undergo the President‗s approval and final screening of the National Economic Development and Authority (NEDA). Gatan also noted that the completion of all projects can fully be attained in approximately five years and that the government is already starting its short-term solutions, including dredging, to address flooding issues. 2.2 Hypothesis and Assumption This project for an effective consequence intended to meet sustainable solution for the floating community. This will lead to an improved, sustainably efficient and well-structured a socialized housing in Malabon City. Floating community resolves the issues involving the homeless citizens located in flood prone areas of Malabon City. Appropriate socialized housing will significantly evade crowding of slums and eradicate crime and disease obtaining incidence. 2.3 Definition of Terms Alley – a public way with a width of 2.0 meters intended to break a block and to serve both pedestrian and for emergency vehicles, both ends connecting to streets. It shall not be used as access to property. Block - A parcel of land bounded on the sides by streets occupied by or intended for buildings. Dwelling - a building designed or used as residence for one or more families. a. Dwelling Types Single Detached - a dwelling for 1 family which is completely surrounded by permanent open spaces, with independent access, services, and use of land.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Duplex/Single Attached - a dwelling containing 2 or more separate living units each of which is separated from another by party or lot lines walls and provided with independent access, services, and use of land. Such dwelling shall include duplexes, quadruplex or terraces, and cluster housing. Row house - a single-attached dwelling containing 3 or more separate living units designed in such a way that they abut each other at the sides, as in a row, and are separated from each other by party walls; provided with independent access, and use of land. There shall be a maximum of 20 units per block or cluster but in no case shall this be beyond 100 meters in length. Single-family dwelling – shall mean single family per lot. Multi Family Dwelling – a dwelling on 1 lot containing separate living units for 3 or more families, usually provided with common access, services and use of land. Economic Housing - a type of housing project provided to average income families. Frontage - that part or end of a lot which abuts a street. Living Unit - a dwelling, or portion thereof, providing complete living facilities for 1 family, including provisions for living, sleeping, cooking, eating, bathing and toilet facilities and laundry facilities, the same as a single-family dwelling. Lot - a portion of a subdivision or any parcel of land intended as a unit for transfer of ownership or for building development. Open Space - shall refer to areas allocated for the following purposes: a. Circulation b. Community facilities c. Park/playground d. Easements e. Courts New Settlement refers to socialized housing projects or similar housing developments for underprivileged and homeless citizens, which may or may not be provided with access to basic facilities and services as provided in Sections 21 and 22 of UDHA. Rehabilitation refers to the repair and restoration of existing socialized housing units or projects which are already considered as non-performing assets of government housing agencies, in accordance with the standards and the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing. Resettlement Areas refers to areas identified by the appropriate national agency or by a local government unit with respect to areas within its jurisdiction which shall be used for the relocation of underprivileged homeless citizens. Socialized Housing refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lots or homelots only undertaken by the Government or by the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in accordance with the provisions of RA 7279.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Socialized Housing Project refers to residential subdivision projects, and multilevel and medium rise housing projects, and condominium projects sold at the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing undertaken by the Government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall comply with the standards under BP 220 and the prevailing price ceiling for socialized housing. c. Physical Suitability Site shall be located within suitable sites for housing and outside potential in hazard prone areas, protection areas and critical areas. 3.1 The Site To meet the needs of the project and its users, a set of criteria are formed. These criteria were derived from a survey, and the requirements of the local government in Malabon City. 3.1.1. Setting of the Criteria a. Conformity with zoning ordinance Site shall be located in Residential zones or other areas appropriate for Residential uses. b. Accessibility The site thereof must be accessible from and serve by access road to public transportation lines preferably proximate to basic utilities of services such as water supply, drainage system, sewerage system, and power supply. Site selection is one of the number one aspects in project construction, this criteria are the consideration that must satisfy for the site that will suitable requirements of the project. It should be a Government owned property It should have an access to the interior or service road It should near to main thoroughfare It should be accessible to neighboring villages and subdivision. It should accommodate facilities that will benefit the community and neighboring areas. There are existing electrical, water, and communication facilities.
Chapter III
3.1.2 Site Selection
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.3 Site Analysis 3.1.3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS a. Strength It have an access to the interior or service road Its near to the main street The roads going to the site is good. The site is suitable for the project There is strong signal for cellphones Strategic location of the city –accessibility and proximity to all establishments and utilities. d. Threats Roads become slippery when raining
b. Weakness It is located beside of Dampa sa Paseo (main source of noise) It is relatively far in main market It always traffic going to the main road There will be job opportunities for residents in the surrounding area It will attract more foreign and local tourists because it is a new proposal in the country.
c. Opportunity
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4 Macro Analysis 3.1.4.1 Site Description
Malabon City The site is located near at Tinajeros River and will fits on the floating community.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4.2 Location Map
Road Network Catmon, Malabon City is accessible through 4 exits from the Monumento.. The first leads to Brgy. Niugan to Navotas City. Next is through Acacia to Valenzuela City and shortcut through Monumento. Next is through Brgy. Niugan to Obando, Bulacan.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.4.3 Dimension Map
TOTAL AREA 8.5 Hectares
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5 MICRO ANALYSIS 3.1.5.1 WIND ANALYSIS AND SUNPATH
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.2 Vicinity Map
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.3 Traffic Analysis
The site accessible only in one way: To the left is going to E. Nopi Malabon and to right is to Catmon, Malabon. The road in the site has a 6m with. Fair enough to accommodate a two-way traffic.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
3.1.5.4 Views of the Site
N
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Mode of Transportation PNR Jeeps Tricycles Pedicabs 3.1.6 Laws and Ordinances 3.1.6.1 Low Cost and Socialized Housing Design criteria for low cost and socialized housing shall conform to BP 220 Feasibility study shall consider the environmental impact of the project 3.1.6.3 Use Regulation in Low Density Residential Zone An R-1 shall be used principally for housing/dwelling purposes so as to maintain the peace and quiet of the area within the zone with a density of 20 dwelling units per one hectare. The following are allowable uses: Detached family dwelling Semi- detached family dwelling Customary accessory uses like: o Private garage, servant‘s quarter, guard house 3.1.6.2 General District Regulation Section 1. Development Density Permitted density shall be based on the zones capacity to support development. A. Residential Zones a. Low Density Residential zone (R-1) zone allowed density is twenty dwelling units and below per hectare. b. Medium Density Residential zone (R-2) zone allowed density is twenty one- sixty five dwelling units per hectares B. All other Zones a. There is no fixed maximum density but should be based on the planned absolute level of density that is intended for each concerned zone based on the comprehensive land use plan.
3.1.6.2 General Provisions The local zoning board of adjustment and appeals (LZBAA) shall subject to the requirements of this Article, allow other uses not enumerated here under provided that they are compatible with the uses expressly allowed. Allowance of further uses shall be based on the intrinsic qualities of the land and the socio-economic potential of the locality with the due regard to the maintenance of the essential qualities of the zone. Specific uses/ activities of lesser density within a particular zone (R-1) may be allowed within the zone of higher density (R-2, R-3) but not vice versa; nor in another zone and its subdivisions except for uses expressly allowed in sand zones; such that the cumulative effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and not inter zonal.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
FLOATING COMMUNITY: A Sustainable Solution for the Rising Water Level in Malabon City
Section 2. Height Regulations Building height must conform to the height restrictions and requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO) as well as the requirements of the national building code, the structural code as well as all laws, ordinances, design standards, rules and regulations related to land development and building construction and the various safety codes. A. Residential Zones a. Low Density Residential Zone (R-1) zone no building or structure both for human occupancy whether public or private shall be higher than ten (10 ) meters above the highest natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (main entry) level; low rise dwelling are up to three storeys. b. Medium Density Residential Zone (R-2) zone no building or structure for human occupancy whether public or private shall be higher than 21meters above highest natural grade line in the property or front sidewalk (main entry) level; mid-rise dwellings are four to seven storeys. B. All other Zone a. There is no fixed building height limits except those prescribed by the air transportation office (ATO) and other government regulations. Within these zones building height shall be based on the prescribed floor area ratio (flar). Section 6. Easements Pursuant to the provisions of the water code 1. The bank of the rivers, streams and shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three meters in agricultural areas. 2. Twenty meters in agricultural areas 3. Forty meters in forest areas; along their margins, are subject to easement of public use in the interest of recreation navigation, float age, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in the zone longer than what is necessary for space or recreation, navigation, float age, fishing and salvage or to build structure of any kind. Mandatory five-meter easement on fault traces on the ground identified by PHILVOCS. Section 7. Buffer Regulations A buffer of 3 meters shall provide entire along boundary length between two or more conflicting zones allocating 1.5 meters from each side of the district boundary. Such buffer strip should be open and not encroached upon by any building or structure and should be part of the yard or open space.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES- QUEZON CITY l Department of Architecture l 1230002
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