Fil Psych
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2. Pakapa-kapa: (groping)In this approach, the researcher uses 'groping', or a mixture of feelings as well as circumstances, to justify his intrusion into the life of his/her participants or kalahok. The term kapa literally means 'to grope in the dark'.
Can be related to unobtrusive techniques because the actual procedures for collecting information may range from observaion, documentation,intervention, and participation.
3. Pagtatanong-tanong, (asking questins or questioning) a Filipino word which means “asking questions, ” has been identified as an indigenous research method in Philippine social science research. This paper discusses its usefulness in cross-cultural studies particularly those among ethnic minority groups. Pagtatanong-tanong has four major characteristics: (a) It is participatory in nature; the informant has an input in the structure of the interaction in terms of defining its direction and in time management, (b) The researcher and the informant are equal in status; both parties may ask each other questions for about the same length of time. (c) It is appropriate and adaptive to the conditions of the group of informants in that it conforms to existing group norms, (d) It is integrated with other indigenous research methods.
Different aspects of pagtatanong-tanong are discussed: preparation, procedure, levels of interaction, language, insider-outsider issue, cultural sensitivity, reliability/validity and ethical issues. Emphasis is given to the basic guiding principle: that the level of interaction between the researcher and the informant influences the quality of data obtained. Eight levels of interaction which are divided into the “One-of-Us” and the “Outsider” categories are described.
4. Pakikiramdam: (shared sensitivities) In this approach, the researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of his research or not. The term damdam literally means
2. Pakapa-kapa: (groping)In this approach, the researcher uses 'groping', or a mixture of feelings as well as circumstances, to justify his intrusion into the life of his/her participants or kalahok. The term kapa literally means 'to grope in the dark'.
Can be related to unobtrusive techniques because the actual procedures for collecting information may range from observaion, documentation,intervention, and participation.
3. Pagtatanong-tanong, (asking questins or questioning) a Filipino word which means “asking questions, ” has been identified as an indigenous research method in Philippine social science research. This paper discusses its usefulness in cross-cultural studies particularly those among ethnic minority groups. Pagtatanong-tanong has four major characteristics: (a) It is participatory in nature; the informant has an input in the structure of the interaction in terms of defining its direction and in time management, (b) The researcher and the informant are equal in status; both parties may ask each other questions for about the same length of time. (c) It is appropriate and adaptive to the conditions of the group of informants in that it conforms to existing group norms, (d) It is integrated with other indigenous research methods.
Different aspects of pagtatanong-tanong are discussed: preparation, procedure, levels of interaction, language, insider-outsider issue, cultural sensitivity, reliability/validity and ethical issues. Emphasis is given to the basic guiding principle: that the level of interaction between the researcher and the informant influences the quality of data obtained. Eight levels of interaction which are divided into the “One-of-Us” and the “Outsider” categories are described.
4. Pakikiramdam: (shared sensitivities) In this approach, the researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of his research or not. The term damdam literally means