Exercise

Jason McAllister
Physiology of Exercise Class
Dr. Harry Beamon, Professor
Assignment #3 Chapter 3

1. Define the terms aerobic and anaerobic.
A:   Aerobic – Oxidative formation of ATP by the use of O2.
Anaerobic – Formation of ATP via the PC pathway and glycolysis that doesn't involve the use of O2. (Exercise Physiology Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance by Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley pg 29)

2. Discuss the function of glycolysis in bioenergetics.   What role does NAD play in glycolysis?
A:   Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway used to transfer bond energy
from glucose to rejoin Pi to ADP.   NAD is the hydrogen acceptor.   (p 29 & 30)

3. How is bioenergetics controlled?   What are rate-limiting enzymes and how do they operate?
A:   Regulation of one or more enzymes in a biochemical pathway would provide a means of controlling.   A rate-limiting enzyme is one enzyme in a metabolic pathway that determines the speed of the particular metabolic pathway involved. (p. 39 & 40)

4. What are high-energy phosphates?   Explain the statement that "ATP is the universal energy donor."
A:   High-energy phosphates are the immediate source of energy for muscular contractions. ATP is often called the universal energy donor and serves to couple the energy released from the breakdown of foodstuffs into a usable form of energy required by all cells. (p 28)

5. Discuss the interaction of anaerobic vs aerobic ATP production during exercise.
A:   The contribution of anaerobic ATP production is greater in short term, high intense activity while aerobic ATP metabolism predominates in longer activities. (Pg 41)
 
6. Define the following terms: coupled reactions, organic reactions, exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions, and bioenergetics.
A:   Coupled reactions – Reactions that are linked, with the liberation of free energy in one reaction being used to "drive" a second reaction. (p 24)
Organic reactions – Reactions that contain carbon. (p 22)... [continues]

Read full essay