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Evolution of Programming Languages

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Evolution of Programming Languages
Evolution of Programming Languages
Generations
Most books and articles on history of programming languages tend to discuss languages in term of generations.This is useful arrangement for classifying languages by age.I agree that whatever a few of we ‘more mature’ software engineers get together, we cannot ever seem to agree on wht constitutes the generation of computer languages.We know that Formula Translation (FORTRAN) was probably a first-generation languges.Does that make FORTRAN 77 and WatFor second languages?Is the newest FORTRAN (FORTRAN 90) third or fourth generation?How about commom Bussiness-Oriented Languages (COBAL)?It has been arround since 1959, and yet COBAL 2000 will be an object-oriented(OO)COBAL.Does this make it fourth generation or is it still first generation?

First Generation
The first generation programming languages is machine language,which required the use of binary symbols (0s and 1s).Because this is the language of the CPU,text file hat is translated into binary sets can be reas by almost every computer syatem platform.Originally no translator was used to change he source code into object code.

Second Generation
Developers of programmeing languages attempted to overcome some of the difficulties inherent in machine languages by replacing the binary digits with symbols that programmers could more easily understand.These second-generation languages use code like A for add, MCV for move, and so on.Another term for these languages in assembly languages, which comes from the programes (called assemblers) used to translate into machine code.System software programs such as Oss and utility programes are often written is an assembly languages.

Third Generation
Third-Generation languages continued the trend toward greater use of symbolic code and away from specifically instructing the computer how to complete an operation, BASIC, COBOL, C and FORTRAN are examples of third-generation languages that use English and Assembly languages
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