Eutrophication
Eutrophication 2-1
2. EUTROPHICATION
This chapter should be read by anyone wanting a brief summary of the causes, the impacts and the management of eutrophication. CHAPTER CONTENTS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
CAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.2 Trophic status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
IMPACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3.2 Ecological impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.3.3 Aesthetic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3.4 Human health impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3.5 Recreational impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.3.6 Economic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Design
2-2 Eutrophication
National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Design
Eutrophication 2-3
2.1
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘eutrophic’ comes from the Greek word eutrophos meaning well-fed. A variety of definitions of ‘eutrophication’ exist in the literature, some differing fundamentally from others. One difference is in respect of whether eutrophication is only the process of nutrient enrichment or whether it should include the problems
2. EUTROPHICATION
This chapter should be read by anyone wanting a brief summary of the causes, the impacts and the management of eutrophication. CHAPTER CONTENTS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
CAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.2 Trophic status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
IMPACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3.2 Ecological impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.3.3 Aesthetic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3.4 Human health impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3.5 Recreational impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.3.6 Economic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Design
2-2 Eutrophication
National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Design
Eutrophication 2-3
2.1
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘eutrophic’ comes from the Greek word eutrophos meaning well-fed. A variety of definitions of ‘eutrophication’ exist in the literature, some differing fundamentally from others. One difference is in respect of whether eutrophication is only the process of nutrient enrichment or whether it should include the problems