The Four Types of Sentences

Complex Sentences Sentence Combining Four Types of Sentences / Compound-Complex Sentences Misplaced Modifiers

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Grammar Standards - Unit 2 ___________________________ Student

Mastery 1. Complex Sentences 2. Sentence Combining 3. Four Types of Sentences / Compound-Complex Sentences 4. Misplaced Modifiers

Non-Mastery

Grammar Standards - Unit 2 ___________________________ Student Mastery 1. Complex Sentences 2. Sentence Combining 3. Four Types of Sentences / Compound-Complex Sentences 4. Misplaced Modifiers Non-Mastery

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Name: ____________________ You’ve already learned that a clause has a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses: 1. An independent clause 2. A dependent clause

Dependent Clause: A dependent clause has a subject and a verb. However, it has NO complete thought. It needs an independent clause. Therefore, it is dependent on the independent clause. Example: After Tyler called his friend. . . Subject = Tyler Verb = Called

Independent Clause: An independent clause has a subject, verb, and a complete thought. It is a sentence. Example: He met him at the park.

Simple Sentence: A simple sentence only has a subject and a complete predicate. Examples: The dog barked. / The big, hairy dog with sharp teeth barked at the mailman. Complex Sentence: A dependent clause needs an independent clause. When you put the two together, you have a complex sentence. Examples: When the mailman arrived, the dog barked. Dependent clause Independent Clause Subordinate Conjunctions: Subordinate conjunctions connect a dependent clause with an independent clause. Here are some examples: after although because before if once unless until whenever while

Directions: Write “Dependent Clause” under the dependent clause and “Independent Clause” under the independent clause. Circle the subordinate conjunction. 1. The mailman wouldn’t deliver our mail after my dog bit him in the leg. Independent Clause Dependent Clause 2. Sarah could have done better on the assignment, although she did receive an A. 3. Because she didn’t say, “Mother may I?” she had to start over. 4. Before my mom would let me spend the night, she had to talk to Jamie’s mom. 5. If you study for the test, you will do much better. 6. Once the play started, we were not allowed to talk. 7. We won’t be able to play unless the rain stops by noon. 8. Rex practiced his guitar until he could play the song perfectly. 9. Whenever I think about my third grade teacher, I have a warm feeling inside. 10. We played games while the adults sat and talked.
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Name: ____________________

Directions: Write “Dependent Clause” under the dependent clause and “Independent Clause” under the independent clause. Circle the subordinate conjunction. 1. The mailman wouldn’t deliver our mail after my dog bit him in the leg. Independent Clause Dependent Clause 2. Because we were all so tired, we decided to go home early. 3. Unless we do all of our homework, we won’t be able to play. 4. My dog waited at the door for us until we got home. 5. Although none of us wanted to leave, we had to be home before midnight. 6. If Charlie doesn’t stop teasing that dog, the dog is going to bite him. 7. We took pictures while the monkeys swung from the trees. 8. Whenever my sister gets in trouble, my dad makes her weed the garden. 9. Once school starts, you need a pass to get into your class. 10. Before you accuse someone of stealing your pencil, make sure it isn’t just lost. 11. I had to go to the dentist because my back tooth started to hurt. 12. After I finished my project, I asked my dad to check it for mistakes. 13. If I had hit the ball five more feet, it would have been a homerun. 14. We could not go to the movies until my baby sister woke up from her nap. 15. Alice played the piano while Mary played her flute.
Extension: Use each subordinate conjunction below in a complex sentence. Skip lines. When finished, write “Independent Clause” under the independent clauses and “Dependent Clause” below the dependent clauses. after because before if once unless when wherever whether while

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Name: ____________________

Directions: Write a dependent clause that turns the simple sentence into a complex sentence. Use the subordinate conjunctions in the extension below for ideas. 1. __While we sang at the concert__ , parents recorded the show with their video cameras. 2. ___________________________________ , we will be going to camp. 3. ___________________________________ , Dad changed the flat tire. 4. The police searched every house ________________________________________ . 5. I like to eat cotton candy __________________________________________ . 6. ___________________________________, you can go to the movies on Saturday. 7. ___________________________________ , everyone stopped what they were doing. 8. We talked on the phone for hours ____________________________________ . 9. We had a hard time finding our way home ___________________________________ . 10. ___________________________________ , the girls did each others’ hair. 11. ___________________________________ , we’ll have to take two cars. 12. ___________________________________ , we sang camp songs for hours. 13. Dawn and I couldn’t stop giggling ___________________________________ . 14. We stared into space with our mouths wide open ______________________________ . 15. Timmy hopped from one foot to the other ___________________________________ .

Extension: Your dog has escaped and wants to play hide and seek. It’s your job to track him down. Write a one paragraph story about your attempts to catch him. Use at least three ( 3 ) complex sentences. Use the subordinate conjunctions below for ideas. after as because before if once since so while unless

when

whenever

wherever

whether

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Name: ____________________

Directions: Write a dependent clause that turns the simple sentence into a complex sentence.

1. __While we sang at the concert__ , parents recorded the show with their video cameras. 2. ___________________________________ , I froze like a statue. 3. ___________________________________ , the officer walked into the room and asked, “Who’s in charge here?” 4. Patsy put her face in her hands and started crying _____________________________ . 5. We bought a huge tub of popcorn __________________________________________ . 6. ________________________________, the boys began chucking snowballs everywhere. 7. ________________________________ , the captain had to wash the deck of the boat. 8. The kids jumped in the air and screamed ____________________________________ . 9. Rover did all kinds of tricks ___________________________________ . 10. _______________________________ , Frank wondered why no one was here. 11. _______________________________ , the teacher wrote their homework on the board. 12. ___________________________________ , a bear broke into our tent and ate our food. 13. We waited in line for tickets ___________________________________ . 14. Julian stuffed a dozen marshmallows into his mouth ___________________________ . 15. Everyone stampeded out of the room ___________________________________ .
Extension: Think of a task that can be explained easily. For example, you can explain how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Write a one paragraph explanation of how to do that task. Use at least three ( 3 ) complex sentences. Use the subordinate conjunctions below for ideas. after as because before if once since so while unless

when

whenever

wherever

whether

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Name: ____________________

Being able to combine sentences can help you write more smoothly. Many times you can say things in one sentence better than you can say them in two. These worksheets will help you practice sentence combining. Pay close attention to the new sentences created so you can start making longer, smoother sentences. Sentence Combining Tricks
1. Sharing Important Words 2. Making Phrases 3. Join Sentences Sometimes you can eliminate needless sentences by taking key words from other sentences and putting them into one sentence. Look at the samples below: Two Sentences: The milk spoiled. It was two weeks old. Combined Sentence: Several Sentences:

The two week old milk spoiled.

The water was cold. The water was dirty. The water was polluted.

Combined Sentence: The water was cold, dirty, and polluted.

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences into one smooth sentence. You will need to share important words to combine these sentences. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. 1. The high school band gave a concert. It lasted for an hour. 2. Mom bought me a shirt. Next, she bought me some shoes. She bought me pants. 3. I received a letter from my friend Ashley. It was three pages long. 4. We waited for Paul. We waited for Peter. We waited for Mary. 5. Gina made a cake for her dad’s birthday. The cake was chocolate with sprinkles. 6. We found a puppy wandering the streets. It was small with black spots. 7. This week in class I wrote a poem. Also, I wrote a song. Then, I wrote a story. 8. My cat can climb a tree. She can climb a fence. She can climb anything else she wants. 9. He was upset about his toy. It was broken. 10. When you draw a clown, be sure to give it a funny nose. Also, give it a big mouth. Then give it wide eyes.
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Name: ____________________

Sentence Combining Tricks
1. Sharing Important Words 2. Making Phrases 3. Join Sentences Appositives: Sometimes we use an entire sentence describing something, when we could have just used a phrase in another sentence. Example: Two Sentences: Mr. Jones is my coach. He taught me how to bunt a baseball. Combined Sentence with Appositive:

Mr. Jones, my coach, taught me how to bunt a baseball.

Phrases: Sometimes we can take a phrase from another sentence and use it to combine two sentences. Several Sentences:

Henry went to get some paper. He went down the hall. Henry went down the hall to get some paper.

Combined Sentence:

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences into one smooth sentence. You will need to take phrases from one sentence and add them to the other sentence. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. 1. Francisco is my neighbor. We walk to school together every day. 2. Kyle threw the ball. It went into the bushes. 3. Tim scored twenty points in our game last week. Tim is our captain. 4. The students enjoyed signing each others’ yearbooks. They signed them under the tree. 5. The Battling Butterflies won the championship. They are my sister’s softball team. 6. We drove all the way to Flagstaff. We rode in our Chevy Venture. 7. Chuck carried the box to the class. It was filled with reading books. 8. Our choir sang “Friends Forever” at graduation. “Friends Forever” was selected by student council. 9. All the girls in the class gave Antonio a valentine last February. He’s the nicest boy in the class. 10. Mom went to talk to our neighbor. She lives across the street. 11. Mr. Derker is my piano teacher. He has been teaching me for three years. 12. Monique wrote a poem. It was about pandas.
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Name: ____________________

Sentence Combining Tricks
1. Sharing Important Words 2. Making Phrases 3. Join Sentences Compound Sentences: When there are two sentences that share a similar thought, you can combine them into a compound sentence. A comma is placed at the end of the first sentence and a coordinate conjunction is used to connect the two sentences. Two Sentences: We are having a party. All of my friends are invited. Compound Sentence: We are having a party, and all of my friends are invited. Complex Sentence: Sometimes two sentences can share a complete thought. You have already learned that complex sentences have a dependent clause and an independent clause. In some cases, you can take a clause from one sentence and make it the dependent clause in another sentence. Two Sentences: Dad is going to take us to get pizza. We’re going after he drives

Mom to the airport.
Complex Sentence:

After Dad drives Mom to the airport, he’s going to take us to get pizza.

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences into one smooth sentence. You will need to make compound or complex sentences. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. 1. We wanted to see the movie. It was sold out. 2. Tony won an award. He was the fastest runner in the school. 3. Ashley won an award. She received it last Wednesday. 4. The choir practiced for a half an hour. They practiced before going on stage. 5. Mom did her grocery shopping. At the same time, we played video games. 6. Tomorrow we might go to the beach. We might also go to the park. 7. Our football captain rings the victory bell. He rings it whenever we win a game. 8. The bell rang. Everyone raced out of the classrooms. 9. We moved to the front row. We had to move so we could see better. 10. I had a hamburger for dinner. I had ice-cream for dessert. 11. I got a radio for my birthday. I wanted a bike. 12. I had to go back to my house. I forgot my lunch.
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Name: ____________________

Sentence Combining Tricks
1. Sharing Important Words 2. Making Phrases 3. Join Sentences

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences into one smooth sentence. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. 1. The baby learned how to crawl. She was five months old. 2. I help Mrs. Snodgrass after school. She was my fourth grade teacher. 3. My dad went on a business trip. He went across the country. 4. I bought a hotdog. I ate it under a tree. 5. We had to take a shower. Then we could go in the pool. 6. We went into the park. We went across the field. We went onto the swings. 7. The United States has people from almost every country. It’s the best country in the world. 8. Mr. Simon corrected our papers. At the same time we drew our illustrations. 9. Amy won the lottery. It was worth a million dollars. 10. Michael collected fifty worms for our fishing trip. He got them from our back yard. 11. I scored twenty points yesterday. We lost anyway. 12. Rex barked at the mailman. Next, he barked at our neighbor. Finally, he barked at me. 13. Our coach is taking us to the batting cages. His name is Mr. Henderson. 14. We cut down our tree. Now there is more room to play. 15. The police officer gave a ticket to the driver. The ticket was for speeding. 16. Our class sang a song at the assembly. It was about America. 17. We can save twenty dollars. We have to sign up for ballet lessons today. 18. Before I could eat I had to wash my hands. Then I had to set the table. Finally, I had to make the lemonade. 19. Number Blaster will help me with my math. It is a new computer program. 20. We can go on the Ferris wheel. We can go on the Merry-go-round.
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Name: ____________________

Sentence Combining Tricks
1. Sharing Important Words 2. Making Phrases 3. Join Sentences

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences into one smooth sentence. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. 1. We had pizza for dinner. It was pepperoni. 2. Shirley is the captain of our cheer team. She created several new cheers for us. 3. We had to search for our lost ball. It rolled into the bushes. 4. We made chocolate cake for the class. It melted in the car. 5. Mikea won a new bicycle. She sold more cookies than anyone. 6. The barber washed my hair. Then he cut it. Finally, he styled it. 7. Peanut was eaten by Slim. Peanut was my mouse and Slim is my snake. 8. My baby sister cries. She does that whenever my mom leaves the house. 9. The boy rode his bike without his training wheels. He was five years old. 10. I went swimming at the beach. I stayed in the water for an hour. 11. I had to hide my new game from my brother. It had to be in a very safe place. 12. The fireman connected the hose. Next, he dragged it to the house. Then, he turned on the water. 13. We’re going to the movies. We’ll go after I mow the lawn. 14. You can play on the swings. You can skate around the park. 15. We jumped into the water and jumped right back out. The water was cold. 16. Mrs. Trigs is my math teacher. She explains fractions very well. 17. We had to go to another store to find the video. The store was all the way across town. 18. The doctor took my temperature. He checked my throat. He gave me some medicine. 19. Our class will have a pizza party. We all need to do our homework for a month. 20. The first forty people received free posters. The people had to be wearing red.

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Name: ___________________

Before you learn the fourth type of sentence, the compound-complex sentence, let’s review the three other types of sentences: 1. Simple Sentence: A sentence with only a subject and a predicate. Examples: The dog barked. OR

The big, mean dog barked ferociously at the cat in the tree.

2. Compound Sentence: A sentence with two independent clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction. Example:

The dog barked, and the cat ran away.

3. Complex Sentence: A sentence with an independent clause and a dependent clause. Example: When the dog barked, the cat ran away. Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence is exactly what its name states. It is a compound sentence. One or both of the independent clauses will have a dependent clause. This makes the sentence complex as well. Example: Compound Sentence: The dog barked, and the cat ran away. “ When he saw the cat ” Add the dependent clause:

The dog barked when he saw the cat, and the cat ran away. Add the dependent clause: “ until she was safe. ” The dog barked when he saw the cat, and the cat ran away until she was safe. Directions: Turn the compound sentences below into compound-complex sentences by adding the dependent clauses in parentheses. Example: Dependent Clauses: ( Until I feel better ) ( Whenever I’m sick ) My mom makes chicken soup, and my dad reads to me.

Whenever I’m sick my mom makes chicken soup, and my dad reads to me until I feel better.
1. Dependent Clause: ( as soon as we arrived ) We went to the game, but it started to rain. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Dependent Clauses: ( while the parents made punch ) ( once the party started ) The music was loud, and everyone danced. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Dependent Clauses: ( when the students took their seats ) ( which was in room 304 ) The class started, and the teacher began to teach. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Dependent Clause: ( if the weather is bad ) We’ll go camping, or we might stay in a hotel. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Dependent Clauses: ( because he had to go to a meeting ) ( when class started ) The students were ready, but the teacher was late. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Dependent Clauses: ( when his parents came home ) ( so we could have more fun ) The party ended, and we went to Tom’s house. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Dependent Clause: ( until the people left the theater ) We bought our tickets, but we couldn’t go in. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Dependent Clause: ( that went over the center field fence ) He hit a homerun, and the Dodgers won the game. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Dependent Clauses: ( while I do my work ) ( when I get home ) You can play in the park, or you can go swimming. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Dependent Clauses: ( so she’d be ready to win ) ( when she arrived at the field ) The girl put on her cleats, and she warmed up for twenty minutes. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
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Name: ___________________

Directions: Write a dependent clause that turns the compound sentence into a compound-complex sentence. Use the subordinate conjunctions in the extension below for ideas. 1. __While my mom baked the cake__ she whistled a song, and I hummed along. 2. We went to the store _______________________________________, and my dad bought me a bike _______________________________________________________________________. 3. The cat will drink the milk ________________________________________, or it will drink the milk _______________________________________________________________________. 4. ______________________________________ the cars will warm up their engines, and they will race off the starting line ________________________________________________________. 5. The girls sat in the grass _______________________________________, and they told stories ____________________________________________________________________. 6. ___________________________________________ the snake came out of the hole, but it wasn’t able to eat _____________________________________________________________________. 7. The band played a song ________________________________________, and crowd went crazy . 8. ___________________________________________ we had to call to say we’d be late, but no one was home _____________________________________________________________________. 9. You can sing a solo ____________________________________________, or you can sing with the choir ________________________________________________________. 10. Amy cleans the board ______________________________________________, and she empties the trash ____________________________________________________________________. Extension: Write three ( 3 ) compound sentences. Next, turn them into compound-complex sentences by adding dependent clauses. Use the subordinate conjunctions below for ideas. after as because before if once since so while unless when whenever wherever whether

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Name: ___________________

Directions: Write a dependent clause that turns the compound sentence into a compound-complex sentence. 1. I go to the golf course _________________________________________, and I help carry the bags ______________________________________________________________________. 2. My cat jumps on my bed ___________________________________________, and she licks my ear ___________________________________________________________________. 3. We wanted our picture taken __________________________________, but we were out of film. 4. ________________________________________ the kids come running out of the house, and they scream like wild animals ____________________________________________________. 5. _______________________________________ she had her choice to take gymnastics lessons, or she could play soccer. 6. The magician needed a volunteer _______________________________________ , and I raised my hand ___________________________________________________________________. 7. We counted the pennies _________________________________________, and they rolled them ___________________________________________________________________. 8. Jim and Sarah were going to sit in the grass _____________________________________, but it was too crowded. 9. We can’t go to the movies ____________________________________, and we’ll have to take my sister ____________________________________________________________. 10. You can wash the cars _________________________________________, or you can dry them off ________________________________________________________________.

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Name: ___________________

Directions: The sentences below are either simple, complex, compound or compound-complex sentences. Read the sentence then circle the letter below that describes the sentence. 1. When the work is finished, we’re going to go out for pizza. A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence

2. We were hungry, but dinner wasn’t ready yet. A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence

3. The puppy jumps into my lap whenever he wants to play, and licks my face. A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence

4. The birds were playing in our pool. A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence

5. Ken mowed the lawn, and Jeff washed the car. A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence

6. The beautiful dancer walked across the stage to accept the flowers from the director. A. Simple Sentence A. Simple Sentence A. Simple Sentence A. Simple Sentence A. Simple Sentence B. Complex Sentence B. Complex Sentence B. Complex Sentence B. Complex Sentence B. Complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Compound-complex Sentence
7. We have fun whenever my cousins come over, but they won’t visit us until they sell their house.

8. We had to stop swimming because it started to rain. 9. There is a big box of old baby clothes in the back of the closet. 10. The boys played while the girls painted, and everyone had a good time.

Extension: Write two ( 2 ) simple sentences, two ( 2 ) complex sentences, two ( 2 ) compound sentences and two ( 2 ) compound-complex sentences about things that happen during the holidays. Below are some subordinate conjunctions to help. after as because before if once since so while unless when whenever wherever whether

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Name: ____________________

Do you notice anything funny about this sentence?

Running down the street, I watched my dog.
According to this sentence, who is running down the street? Was I running down the street or was the dog? The phrase “Running down the street” describes ( modifies ) the word dog. However, because of the way it was used, the reader is unsure about who is being described. The sentence needs to be rewritten:

I watched my dog as he ran down the street. Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences so that they are not confusing. 1. Singing in the shower, I heard my dad. 2. My teacher is a tall, skinny man with a mustache weighing only one hundred and fifty pounds. 3. Walking to school, the sky looked like it was going to rain. 4. When throwing a fit, Mom puts my baby sister in time-out. 5. The bird we saw suddenly flew away. 6. Our dog has a pink tongue and a long tail who barks a lot. 7. Flying the kite, the trees got in the way. 8. When he sucks his thumb, my dad knows it’s time to put my baby brother to bed. 9. The ice-cream she made quickly melted in the sun. 10. Riding my bike, the police car passed by me. 11. When they need to be punished, the teachers make the students stay after school. 12. Ordering the food, the waiter asked if I wanted fries.
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Name: ____________________

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences so that they are not confusing. 1. Climbing to the top of the mountain, the lights of the city shined brightly. 2. Walking the dog, the cat started a fight. 3. When hungry, a hamburger will be perfect for dinner. 4. The boat that hit the iceberg slowly sank into the sea. 5. Copying down the homework, the teacher reminded them to study for their test. 6. The dancer was wearing a beautiful costume having practiced all week. 7. The volcano exploded violently shooting lava into the air. 8. Eating popcorn, the moneys I watched were funny. 9. Paying for the tickets, the money fell off the counter. 10. The child the parent disciplined stubbornly stormed into his bedroom. 11. He was a funny clown wearing a big nose telling silly jokes. 12. Picking weeds, several worms crawled to the top of the soil. 13. When angry, the doctor told me to punch a pillow. 14. Talking on the phone, my mom needed to ask a question. 15. The student dressed beautifully sang the song.

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Name _____________________

I. Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates
Use any literature book to find examples of the items below: A. Copy any sentence that is ten ( 10 ) words or longer. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. The simple subject of the sentence is ______________ 3. Complete Subject: _________________ 2. The predicate is ______________________ 4. Complete Predicate _____________________________

II. Phrases and Clauses
A. Find three phrases: 1. _______________________ B. Find three dependent clauses: 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________ C. Find three subordinate conjunctions: 1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________

III. Types of Sentences
A. Find a compound sentence. Copy it below: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ B. Find a complex sentence. Copy it below: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ C. Find an imperative. Copy it below: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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