Egg shell as chalk

SY 2012 – 2013

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
In Chemistry

“Eggshell as Chalk”

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Table of Contents

Title Page……………………………………………………………………….…i

Table of Contents…………………………..………………………………….…ii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………..iv

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………v

Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….1
Statement of the problem………………………………………………
Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………..
Significance of the study………………………………………………… scope and limitation…………………………………………………………. definition of terms……………………………………………….
Chapter II: Related Literature……………………………………………………………………………

Chapter III: Methodology..................................................................................

Chapter IV: Results and Discussions………………..……………………………..

Chapter V: Summary and Findings………………………………………………………………..
Conclusion and Recommendation…………………………………
Appendices………………………………………………………….
Bibliography……………………………………………………….
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………..

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Acknowledgement

This study could not have been possible without the guidance and help

of several individuals who contributed and extended their most appreciated efforts and valuable time in the preparation and completion of the research.

First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the Immaculate

Conception Cathedral School for allowing us to make this experimental research

and also Ms. Evelyn Buhat for supervising the researchers to make this research

a successful one.

Lastly, the researchers offer their regards and blessings to all of those who

supported them during the completion of project.

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Abstract

The research is about “Eggshell as Chalk”. The researchers conducted experiments to determine whether eggshells can be used as an ingredient in making homemade chalk rather than buying the commercialized product.

Chapter I
Problem and its background
Introduction
Chalk is a very essential tool in every teacher’s lives. Its main use is of course, to write the lessons the teachers teach their students on the blackboard or any similar material. Chalks may also be used as a “marking tool” for different materials such as wood, cement or even cloth. Chalks are also often used by gymnasts, rock climbers, and weightlifters as a drying agent. Chalk is also used in billiards (pool) on the tips of the pool cues. Not only Filipinos use chalk but foreigners use them as well. They are a lot cheaper than using whiteboard markers and whiteboards. Also, a typical Filipino school setting uses the traditional way of teacher which is of course, using chalk and a typical blackboard made out of wood. As our nation’s fight for poverty arises, the researchers thought of making chalk out of eggshells because compared to the commercialized chalk, making a homemade chalk is a lot cheaper. Another advantage is that making chalk out of eggshells is not time consuming and it’s easy to follow the simple steps in making them.

Statement of the problem Are eggshells effective ingredients in making chalk?
Objectives
a. To determine whether eggshells are effective ingredients in making chalk or not.
b. To make a much cheaper alternative for commercialized chalk.
c. To discover the different properties of eggshells which may be used for further studies.
Hypothesis
Eggshells are not effective ingredients in making chalk.
Significance of the study Chalk is commonly used by people of today. With the discovery of an organic alternative ingredient such as eggshells, the researchers will help a lot of people. The researchers may even help improve the current economic situation of this country.
Scope and Limitations This study will only focus on the use of eggshells as the main ingredient in making chalk. Other shells such as mussels and clams will not be involved in this research for they are not related to the topic of the researchers’ main concern.
Definition of Terms
a. Chalk - a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock.
b. Cement - a binder; a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together.
c. Cloth - a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn.
d. Gymnast - a person who practices gymnastics.
e. Mussels – common name used for members of several families of clams or bivalvia mollusca, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.
f. Clams - any of various bivalve mollusks, especially certain edible species.
g. Commercialized product – a product that is sold throughout the country under a brand name.
h. Traditional – something that has been practiced before.
i. Ingredients- things needed in making something.
j. Billiards – a type of shot in cue sports.

Chapter II
Related Literature
Chalk
is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Calcite is calcium carbonate or CaCO3. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates (coccoliths) shed from micro-organisms calledcoccolithophores. It is common to find chert or flint nodules embedded in chalk. Chalk can also refer to other compounds including magnesium silicate andcalcium sulfate.
Chalk has greater resistance to weathering and slumping than the clays with which it is usually associated, thus forming tall steep cliffs where chalk ridges meet the sea. Chalk hills, known as chalk downland, usually form where bands of chalk reach the surface at an angle, so forming a scarp slope. Because chalk is porous it can hold a large volume of ground water, providing a natural reservoir that releases water slowly through dry seasons.

Eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats. Bird eggshells contain calcium carbonate and dissolve in various acids, including the vinegar used in cooking. While dissolving, the calcium carbonate in an egg shell reacts with the acid to form carbon dioxide.

Chapter III
Methodology
Materials:

- Eggshell
- Flour
- Hot Water
- Strainer
- Mortar and pestle

Procedure:

First, clean the eggshells of the remaining egg white or yolk. Then crush and pound the eggshells into fine powder using a mortar and pestle. Once finished, strain it and collect the residue into a container then pour a small amount of hot water then a small amount of flour. Mix the components until it becomes a thick paste then place it onto a piece of paper to roll it into shape. Wait for 2-3 days for it to dry.

Subject of the study:

The researchers aim to test out whether eggshell is a good substitute in making good chalk.

Chapter IV
Data Interpretation

CRITERIA

COMMERTIALIZED PRODUCT
EGGSHELL AS CHALK
EFFECTIVENESS

VERY EFFECTIVE
NOT THAT EFFECTIVE
CLARITY

.
VERY CLEAR
CLEAR
TEXTURE

TEXTURE IS SMOOTH
A LITTLE ROUGH
DURABILITY

VERY DURABLE BY MEANS OF CHALK
SLIGHTLY BRITTLE
PERMANENCE

DOES NOT FADE AWAY
DOES NOT FADE AWAY

Chapter V
Summary

The “Eggshell as Chalk” was a somewhat success for the researchers compared it to other products and the result did not show the full capacity of this experiment, so we can say that our "Eggshell" experiment is a failure as well, because of some minor circumstances of our ingredients. Unlike commercial chalk the product does not erase that easily. It can be used for street art but not for classroom use for the remnants of the chalk still remain despite it being erased from the blackboard.

Conclusion The “Eggshell as Chalk” experiment did not give the results expected for three possible reasons. One: the eggshell should have been pounded into a finer powder like substance. Two: Too much water was added. Three: instead of leaving it out for three days, it was only left out for two thus not allowing it to fully dry. Therefore eggshell maybe used for making homemade chalk as long as the ingredients and procedures are followed accordingly.

Recommendation

The researchers would like to recommend to future researchers of the same investigatory project to follow the ingredients and procedures accordingly to achieve a successful project unlike this one.

Bibliography www.wikipedia .com www.ehow .com

Appendices
Materials

Eggshells

Flour

Hot Water

Mortar and Pestle