Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA ( DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ) – The blueprint of life
Chromosome –rod/roped shaped body , composed of DNA and protein and carries hereditary                                                          
                            Information.
JAMES   D. WATSON   and   FRANCIS H. C. CRICK   discovered the structure of DNA.
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DNA replication,   the basis for bioligical inheritance, is a fundamental process occurring in all living organisms to copy their DNA. This process is "replication" in that each strand of the original double-stranded DNA molecule serves as template for the reproduction of the complementary strand.
          STEPS IN THE REPLICATION OF DNA
1)The first major step for the DNA Replication to take place is the breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases of the two antiparallel strands. The unwounding of the two strands is the starting point. The splitting happens in places of the chains which are rich in A-T. That is because there are only two bonds between Adenine and Thymine (there are three hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine). Helicase is the enzyme that splits the two strands. The initiation point where the splitting starts is called "origin of replication".The structure that is created is known as "Replication Fork".
2) One of the most important steps of DNA Replication is the binding of RNA Primase in the the initiation point of the 3'-5' parent chain. RNA Primase can attract RNA nucleotides which bind to the DNA nucleotides of the 3'-5' strand due to the hydrogen bonds between the bases. RNA nucleotides are the primers (starters) for the binding of DNA nucleotides.
3   a)The elongation process is different for the 5'-3' and 3'-5' template. a)5'-3' Template: The 3'-5' proceeding daughter strand -that uses a 5'-3' template- is called leading strand because DNA Polymerase ä can "read" the template and continuously adds nucleotides   (complementary to the nucleotides of the template, for example Adenine opposite to Thymine etc).... [continues]

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