Current Epidemiology of Diabetes in the Uk
Diabetes- current epidemiology and measuring variables at a local level
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not classed as single disorder as it represents a series of conditions associated with high blood sugar which are cased in turn by defects in insulin secretion or the effectiveness of insulin or both. It is usually diagnosed by evidence of hyperglycaemia in a fasting state (>7.1 mmol/l plasma glucose) or threw an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)( >11.1mmol/l plasma glucose). It can be diagnosed in adults who are not pregnant by a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ( 6.5% or > 48 mmol/mol) (NICE 2011).
There are a few types of Diabetes including the main two Type 1, Type 2 which we will concentrate on. Others include mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin. It is caused by Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in insulin deficiency (Lambert et al 2006).
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the most common type of diabetes accounting for around 90 percent of all cases. This is a condition when the body is still able to make some insulin however not enough and the insulin that is produced does not work as well as usual. This is common in patients in ages over 40, however in some ethnicity can appear earlier on. Some children are also been diagnosed with the condition and the prevalence is increasing (Barrat 2009). The main link is with being overweight or obese. I am going to concentrate and look at Type 2 Diabetes as this is the one that lifestyle changes and risk factors can be targeted to improve outcomes.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes The prevalence has been rising over past few decades. This could be due to the increase in prevalence of obesity which is directly linked to diabetes, which will be discussed in more detail later. The main concern for us as a trust and for the needs assessment is that
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not classed as single disorder as it represents a series of conditions associated with high blood sugar which are cased in turn by defects in insulin secretion or the effectiveness of insulin or both. It is usually diagnosed by evidence of hyperglycaemia in a fasting state (>7.1 mmol/l plasma glucose) or threw an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)( >11.1mmol/l plasma glucose). It can be diagnosed in adults who are not pregnant by a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ( 6.5% or > 48 mmol/mol) (NICE 2011).
There are a few types of Diabetes including the main two Type 1, Type 2 which we will concentrate on. Others include mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin. It is caused by Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in insulin deficiency (Lambert et al 2006).
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the most common type of diabetes accounting for around 90 percent of all cases. This is a condition when the body is still able to make some insulin however not enough and the insulin that is produced does not work as well as usual. This is common in patients in ages over 40, however in some ethnicity can appear earlier on. Some children are also been diagnosed with the condition and the prevalence is increasing (Barrat 2009). The main link is with being overweight or obese. I am going to concentrate and look at Type 2 Diabetes as this is the one that lifestyle changes and risk factors can be targeted to improve outcomes.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes The prevalence has been rising over past few decades. This could be due to the increase in prevalence of obesity which is directly linked to diabetes, which will be discussed in more detail later. The main concern for us as a trust and for the needs assessment is that
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