Corruption
Corruption in India is a major issue and adversely affects its economy.[1] A study conducted by Transparency International in year 2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully.[2][3] In its study conducted in year 2008, Transparency International reports about 40% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office.[4]
In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal.[5]
Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission.[6][7] Other daily sources of corruption include India 's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways.[8]
Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations.[9][10]
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes.[11][12] There are significant variations in level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption across India.
Contents
[hide] * 1 History * 2 Politics * 3 Bureaucracy * 3.1 Land and property * 3.2 Tendering processes and awarding contracts * 3.3 Medicine * 3.4 Science and technology *
In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal.[5]
Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission.[6][7] Other daily sources of corruption include India 's trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways.[8]
Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations.[9][10]
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes.[11][12] There are significant variations in level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption across India.
Contents
[hide] * 1 History * 2 Politics * 3 Bureaucracy * 3.1 Land and property * 3.2 Tendering processes and awarding contracts * 3.3 Medicine * 3.4 Science and technology *
References: Public servants in India can be penalised for corruption under the * Indian Penal Code, 1860 * Prosecution section of Income Tax Act,1961 * The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 * The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 to prohibit benami transactions. * Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 India is also a signatory to the UN Convention against Corruption since 2005 (ratified 2011) The Lokpal Bill, 2011 is a bill pending before the Rajya Sabha. India 's lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha voted to pass The Whistle Blowers Protection Bill, 2011. The bill is now pending in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house.[64]