Corporate Development During the Industrial Revolution

The Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller and the U.S. Steel
Company founded by Andrew Carnegie.   The Standard Oil   Company and U.S. Steel
Company were made successful in different ways due to the actions   of their
different owners.   The companies differed in their labor relations, market
control, and structural organization.

In the steel industry, Carnegie developed a system known as vertical integration.
This means that he cut out the middle man.   Carnegie bought his   own iron and
coal mines because using independent companies cost too much and were
inefficient. By doing this he was able to undersell his   competetors because
they had to pay the competitors they went through to get the raw materials.
Unlike   Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller integrated   his oil business from
top to bottom, his   distinctive innovation in movement of American   industry was
horizontal.   This meant he followed   one product through all its stages.   For
example, rockrfeller controlled the oil when it was   drilled, through the
refining stage, and he maintained control over the refining process   turning it
into gasoline.   Although   these two powerful men used two different methods   of
management their businesses were still very   successful (Conlin, 425-426).

Tycoons like Andrew Carnegie, "the steel king," and John D. Rockefeller, "the
oil baron," exercised their genius in devising ways to circument competition.
Although, Carnegie inclined to be   tough-fisted in business, he was not a
monopolist and   disliked monopolistic trusts.   John D.   Rockefeller came to
dominate the oil industry.   With   one upward stride after another he organized
the Standard Oil Company, which was the nucleus   of the great trust that was
formed.   Rockefeller showed little mercy.   He believed primitive savagery
prevailed in   the jungle world of business, where only the fittest survived.   He
persued the policy   of "ruin or rule."... [continues]

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