A Step for the Future Sustainability in Pakistan: Conversion of Vehicle Fuel from CNG to HCNG & its Environmental Effects/Benefits’
Qandeel Fatima Gillani *, Farrukh Jamil**, Waqar-un-Nisa***,Dr. Moinuddin Ghauri**** Department of Chemical Engineering
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract- The land of Pakistan is highly enriched with treasure of natural gas reservoirs due to that compressed natural gas CNG is abundantly used all over the Pakistan as a vehicle fuel. Natural gas can be blended with hydrogen to make HCNG. HCNG vehicle offers the potentials for immediate emission benefits, reduction in NOx/ SOx emission, which eventually affects positively on our environment. At the same time they can pave the way for a transition of fuel cell vehicles by building early demand for hydrogen infrastructure and vehicle fueled with hydrogen based transportations for future. This paper will mainly focus the blends of H and CNG as a fuel and its benefits for the future of Pakistan. I. INTRODUCTION fuels are increasing and this is the main reason that transportation in Pakistan is becoming very expensive day by day. Rapid growth in transportation industry has occurred in last two decade in Pakistan. CNG is cheaper, environmental friendly and well known alternative transportation fuel. Hydrogen is an excellent additive to methane or gasoline due to its unique characteristics. The blends of Hydrogen and CNG serve effectively as fuel for vehicles. II. CNG VEHICLES & BASIC INFRASTRUCTURES Pakistan is third largest country in world that using CNG as a transportation fuel. In June 2007, 1550000 3 vehicles on road were running due to CNG fuel, which is 24.9% of total vehicles. In 2012, no of vehicles will approximately 3500000 with annual growth of 50.1% [Based on data from IANGV]. Pakistan has largest number of CNG stations that is 1450 4’5 in June 2008. Natural gas vehicles are potential alternative to gasoline vehicles in short term. They... [continues]
Qandeel Fatima Gillani *, Farrukh Jamil**, Waqar-un-Nisa***,Dr. Moinuddin Ghauri**** Department of Chemical Engineering
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract- The land of Pakistan is highly enriched with treasure of natural gas reservoirs due to that compressed natural gas CNG is abundantly used all over the Pakistan as a vehicle fuel. Natural gas can be blended with hydrogen to make HCNG. HCNG vehicle offers the potentials for immediate emission benefits, reduction in NOx/ SOx emission, which eventually affects positively on our environment. At the same time they can pave the way for a transition of fuel cell vehicles by building early demand for hydrogen infrastructure and vehicle fueled with hydrogen based transportations for future. This paper will mainly focus the blends of H and CNG as a fuel and its benefits for the future of Pakistan. I. INTRODUCTION fuels are increasing and this is the main reason that transportation in Pakistan is becoming very expensive day by day. Rapid growth in transportation industry has occurred in last two decade in Pakistan. CNG is cheaper, environmental friendly and well known alternative transportation fuel. Hydrogen is an excellent additive to methane or gasoline due to its unique characteristics. The blends of Hydrogen and CNG serve effectively as fuel for vehicles. II. CNG VEHICLES & BASIC INFRASTRUCTURES Pakistan is third largest country in world that using CNG as a transportation fuel. In June 2007, 1550000 3 vehicles on road were running due to CNG fuel, which is 24.9% of total vehicles. In 2012, no of vehicles will approximately 3500000 with annual growth of 50.1% [Based on data from IANGV]. Pakistan has largest number of CNG stations that is 1450 4’5 in June 2008. Natural gas vehicles are potential alternative to gasoline vehicles in short term. They... [continues]
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