Based on assumption of the human nature behaviour, four models of consumers in relation to consumer decision-making have been illustrated by Schiffman (2010) - they are economic, passive, cognitive and emotional views. This paper is to compare and contrast the four views of consumer decision-making, to analyze various models of human behaviour in relation to consumer decision-making so that marketers can better understand how consumer behaviour influenced by the factors in the process of consumer decision making before marketing strategies can be developed.…
In today’s consumer market, much attention is paid to the psychology of the consumer. It is the leading factor in determining if a product will be marketed, when it will be marketed and where it will be marketed. To make these determinations companies have focused on certain psychological concepts. Examples of the psychological concepts and how they are used will also be discussed in this paper.…
Understanding consumers’ behaviors and their purchasing patterns is a huge advantage to understanding the way they think and the reason for their purchases. The economy and the market trend is a great way to know the behaviors of these consumers. Consumers are influenced not only by economy but by psychology as well. In the following essay I will encourage the reader to utilize their critical thinking skills as to how understanding the consumers’ behavior will impact advertisements and marketing.…
Consumer behavior is defined in a variety of ways such as “the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behavior and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives.” by the American Marketing Association. (2008). In a simpler form, consumer behavior can be explained as the actions of consumers and the different approaches a person may take to decide what to buy and the decision making process. The decision making process can be effected by many factors all related to a person or persons lifestyle. Determining that behavior can be confusing and marketers need to use research techniques to understand the consumer. Understanding the intent to buy, buying process and post purchase issues from a marketing perspective raises many questions and is an in-depth process. “The basic marketing concept hold’s that firms exist to satisfy consumers’ needs.” (2004, Solomon). Once that basic concept is understood, an organization can focus on key goals to achieve a competitive advantage. Marketing strategies are used to gain better understanding of the market, consumers, environment, supply and demand and competition. The behaviors of consumers such as personality, emotions, attitudes, learning style, and perception of the consumer helps companies design their marketing techniques. External influences are also need to be studied and factors such as culture and sub-culture, demographics, social status, and family structure helps understand the decision making process of the consumer’s behavior. For marketing strategy to succeed, the insight to the consumer’s decision-making process is a good starting point.…
Consumer decision process represents a road map of consumers’ minds that marketers and managers can use to help guide product mix, communication, and sales strategies. The model captures the activities that occur when decisions are made in a schematic format and shows how different internal and external forces interact to affect how consumers think, evaluate, and act. The main purpose of this model is to analyze how individuals sort through facts and influences to make logical and consistent decisions. Consumers typically go through major stages when making decisions: need recognition, search for information, pre-purchase evaluation, purchase and post-purchase evaluation. The study of consumer behavior primarily focuses on these stages and how various factors influence each stage of consumers’ decisions. By understanding the stages in the consumer decision-making road map, marketers can discover why people are or are not buying products and what can be done to get them to buy more or buy from a specific supplier. Many companies seek to use WWW to communicate with potential customers and thus result in an interactive media called shopping in online environment which allows for very high degree of interactivity.…
One of the most challenging concept in marketing deals with understanding why consumers behave in a certain way or do what they do (or don’t do). Two major psychological concepts are often used to explain and understand the consumer’s behaviour. The first is the so called in psychology the cognitive psychology in which the focus of the study is the mental behaviour i.e. the internal influence such as perception, memory, attention, attitude, beliefs, values, personality and buying motives. The second psychological concept is the social psychology in which the phenomenon of consumer behaviour is completely influenced by the external forces, i.e. social and referenced groups. There is no doubt that the consumer behaviour is extremely complex due to the nature of human beings differences in all the levels. Nevertheless, a common definition of consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes of the buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences, and ideas. But such knowledge is critical for marketers since having a strong understanding of buyer behaviour will help shed light on what is important to the customer and also suggest the important influences on customer decision-making. Using this information, marketers can create marketing programs that they believe will be of interest to customers.…
Understanding consumer buying behavior entails marketing, relationships, and consumer behavior. Consumer behavior comprises all the consumer decisions and activities connected with the choosing, buying, using and disposing of goods and services. Marketers must pay very close attention to consumer behavior that occurs before the purchase and after the particular product has been used. Studying consumer habits is one of the steps in marketing search and analysis. In addition to other basic principles of consumer buying habits, marketers also need to study the decision and actions of real people. Until recent history the study of consumer behavior was focused on generalized consumer decisions, however this did not address the habits of individual buyers and users. By companies not having the correct or necessary information bad business decisions occurred, leading to companies not making marketing decisions without knowing specific details about their customers. Today marketers can collect and analyze data about consumer behavior, one individual at a time; this is the relationship approach to marketing.…
In today’s world of various products and services, businesses aim to excel and lead the competition by marketing the most number of consumers, which is a full time endeavor of business. To survive in the market, a firm or an organization has to be constantly innovating and understand the latest consumer trends and tastes. Marketers need to understand consumer behavior because the decision-making process for consumers is anything but straight forward. Consumers’ behaviors and their purchasing patterns is a huge advantage to understanding the way customers think and the reason for their purchases. Therefore, the study of consumer behavior is important because it allows the marketers to understand the factors which influence the customer’s thoughts while buying any products or services. There are many factors that can affect this process as a person works through the purchase decision, such as external, internal, and marketing influences. For example, culture, group, or purchase situation are just a few of external influences. Perceptual, attitude, personality, lifestyle, roles, and motivation are a few of internal influences that can affect a consumer’s purchase decision. Marketing strategies, such as price, product, place, and promotion influences the consumer as well. The number of potential influences on consumer behavior is endless. However, by understanding the key influences, marketers can adapt and improve their efforts to take advantage in a way that will satisfy both the consumer and marketer.…
Consumers make many buying decisions every day. Most large companies research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. Marketers can study actual consumer purchases to find out what they buy, where, and how much. But learning about the whys of consumer buying behavior is not so easy—the answers are often locked deep within the consumer's head.…
Christ P. (2009) in his book, Marketing Basic stated that factors affecting how customers make decisions are extremely complex. Buyer behavior is deeply rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in just to make things more interesting. Since every person in the world is different, it is impossible to have simple rules that explain how buying decisions are made. But those who have spent many years analyzing customer activity have presented us with useful “guidelines” in how someone decides whether or not to make a purchase.…
Discuss the nature of situational influence on consumer buying behaviour. (100 marks) Explain any two of the following concepts and discuss their relevance from a Consumer Behaviour perspective: • • • • Elaboration Likelihood Model Fishbein Model Self Concept The Five Step Consumer Behaviour Decision-Making Model (100 marks)…
Buying behaviour can be divided into three parts, which are “Before buying”, “Buying” and “After buying”. Firstly, “Before buying” is the part that includes problem recognition and information search. This part is the period which customers realize problems or needs, then search the information about purchase. Secondly, “Buying” is the part includes evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision. This part is the period which customers keep choosing between replacements and brands until decide the final choice in the choices set. Finally, “After buying” is post-purchase buying behaviour. This part is the period which customers finish purchase and make responses. However in these three periods, females differ from males.…
The retailer is responsible for selling the goods in the market so he or she must have the knowledge of how the consumers actually make their buying decisions. For this he must study the consumer buying decision process or model. It involves five stages which are Need recognition, Information search, Evaluation of Alternatives, Purchasing and Post purchase Evaluation The model implies that consumers pass through all stages in every purchase. However, in more routine purchases, consumers often skip or reverse some of the stages.…
Consumer behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes the prevailing prices of commodities and takes the decision about the commodities he should consume. Meanwhile, there are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, personal and psychological. The explanation of these factors is given below.…
First and foremost, although nowadays consumers are bombarded with information of products and services, viewers are still decisions-makers. Some people concern about quality, others have interest in quantity. But, they generally buy products according to their own interests, tastes, income and other factors. Moreover, customers are now increasingly cautious about advertised products, they thus ask for advice from their friends and families, instead of buying them impulsively. In simple terms, it is customers rather than advertisers who decide to purchase a certain product.…