coffee consumption and achievement
MODALITY DIFFERENCES AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY
The effects of modality differences on short-term memory capacity
Yasemin Dilibal
Feyza Öztürk
Selin Kalabaş and Gözde Üstün
Middle East Technical University – Northern Cyprus Campus
Psychology Program
May 2014
1
MODALITY DIFFERENCES AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY
2
Abstract
The current study examined the notion that the effect that differences between serial recall of stimuli presented in different sensory modalities. Therefore, it was hypothesized that, people who apply visual presentation as images of words recall better than people who apply auditory presentation as a record. In addition to that, people who apply both visual and auditory presentation at the same time recall better than only auditory or only visual presentation does. A sample of 24 undergraduate students was used to test this hypothesis by applying visual, auditory and both visual and auditory presentation. It was found that people who apply visual presentation recalled significantly more words than people who applied auditory presentation, F (23) = 16.592, p<.05. Moreover, people who applied both of presentation (visual –auditory) recalled significantly, more words than people who applied only auditory presentation. Limitations of the study and recommendations for further research were discussed.
MODALITY DIFFERENCES AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY
3
The effects of modality differences on short term memory
The modality effect means that number of differences between immediate serial recall of stimuli presented in different sensory modalities such as visually or auditory (Beaman, 2002).
To understand how auditory and visual information are encoded in short-term memory it is essential to look at the phonological loop and the visuo-spatical sketch pad (Ashcraft and
Radvansky, 2010).
The phonological loop is the speech- and sound- related component responsible for rehearsal of verbal information and phonological processing. There are two components of
The effects of modality differences on short-term memory capacity
Yasemin Dilibal
Feyza Öztürk
Selin Kalabaş and Gözde Üstün
Middle East Technical University – Northern Cyprus Campus
Psychology Program
May 2014
1
MODALITY DIFFERENCES AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY
2
Abstract
The current study examined the notion that the effect that differences between serial recall of stimuli presented in different sensory modalities. Therefore, it was hypothesized that, people who apply visual presentation as images of words recall better than people who apply auditory presentation as a record. In addition to that, people who apply both visual and auditory presentation at the same time recall better than only auditory or only visual presentation does. A sample of 24 undergraduate students was used to test this hypothesis by applying visual, auditory and both visual and auditory presentation. It was found that people who apply visual presentation recalled significantly more words than people who applied auditory presentation, F (23) = 16.592, p<.05. Moreover, people who applied both of presentation (visual –auditory) recalled significantly, more words than people who applied only auditory presentation. Limitations of the study and recommendations for further research were discussed.
MODALITY DIFFERENCES AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY
3
The effects of modality differences on short term memory
The modality effect means that number of differences between immediate serial recall of stimuli presented in different sensory modalities such as visually or auditory (Beaman, 2002).
To understand how auditory and visual information are encoded in short-term memory it is essential to look at the phonological loop and the visuo-spatical sketch pad (Ashcraft and
Radvansky, 2010).
The phonological loop is the speech- and sound- related component responsible for rehearsal of verbal information and phonological processing. There are two components of
References: Andrews, B. (2007). Auditory and visual information facilitating speech integration. Ashcraft, M. H., &Radvansky, G. A. (2006).Learning and remembering.Cognition, 211-257. Beaman, C. P. (2002). Inverting the modality effect in serial recall. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A, 55(2), 371-389. Bigelow, J., &Poremba, A. (2012).Comparing short-term memory among sensory modalities. Visual Cognition, 20(9), 1012-1016. Ginns, P. (2005). Meta-analysis of the modality effect. Learning and Instruction,15(4), 313-331. Hilton, E. (2001). Differences in Visual and Auditory Short-Term Memory.Indiana University South Bend Journal, 4. Joseph, C. A., & Cowan, D. G. (1981). Effects on free recall of transforming visually and orally presented nouns into printed, picture, or imagery form Klingner, J., Tversky, B., &Hanrahan, P. (2011).Effects of visual and verbal presentation on cognitive load in vigilance, memory, and arithmetic tasks.Psychophysiology, 48(3), 323-332. Korenman, L. M., &Peynircioglu, Z. F. (2007). Individual differences in learning and remembering music: auditory versus visual presentation Raj, S. B., Dharmangadan, B., &Subramony, S. (2007). Recall of Visual and Auditory Stimuli as a function of Hemispheric Dominance and Preferred Modality in Learning Roberts, W. A. (1972). Free recall of word lists varying in length and rate of presentation: A test of total-time hypotheses Sherman, M. F., &Turvey, M. T. (1969).Modality differences in short-term serial memory as a function of presentation rate