Classification Remote Sensing Image
CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
(IMPORTANT STATEMENT: These lecture notes are based upon BS5930:1999 and BS1377:1990 but, where appropriate, reference is made to “Eurocode 7 related documents”. These are namely BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002, BS EN ISO 14688-2:2004 and BS EN ISO 146891:2003). During this transitional stage as the full recommendations of the Eurocode are being implemented during 2010 students are advised to be aware that published text books are likely to make little reference to the Eurocode 7 (ie. EN 1997) and there are some major differences in the way that soils are described. Students should be aware that the final National Annex to BS EN 1997 was published on 31st December 2009 and that sections of BS5930 are currently being rewritten to comply fully with the Eurocode). See: http://www.eurocodes.co.uk
Purpose of soil classification 1. 2. 3. 4. Provides a concise and systematic method for designating various types of soil. Enables useful engineering conclusions to be made about soil properties. Provides a common language for the transmission of information. Permits the precise presentation of boring records and test results.
Object of soil classification Is to provide a soil NAME and symbol, e.g. GRAVEL is G, based on the results of simple and quick to perform (therefore economic) key tests; 1. Particle size distribution (P.S.D.) or sieve analysis. 2. Plastic properties; Liquid limit test Plastic limit test Soil is initially classified into either coarse or fine soil on the basis of particle size. Coarse soil (Granular) Physical characteristics and appearance are influenced by the distribution of particle sizes within the soil, i.e.>0.063mm (1/16mm) A granular soil is classified according to its Particle Size Distribution. Fine soil (Cohesive) Physical characteristics and appearance influenced by cohesion and plastic properties (plasticity) associated with mineral composition and water content. The fine soil is sub-grouped according to its
(IMPORTANT STATEMENT: These lecture notes are based upon BS5930:1999 and BS1377:1990 but, where appropriate, reference is made to “Eurocode 7 related documents”. These are namely BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002, BS EN ISO 14688-2:2004 and BS EN ISO 146891:2003). During this transitional stage as the full recommendations of the Eurocode are being implemented during 2010 students are advised to be aware that published text books are likely to make little reference to the Eurocode 7 (ie. EN 1997) and there are some major differences in the way that soils are described. Students should be aware that the final National Annex to BS EN 1997 was published on 31st December 2009 and that sections of BS5930 are currently being rewritten to comply fully with the Eurocode). See: http://www.eurocodes.co.uk
Purpose of soil classification 1. 2. 3. 4. Provides a concise and systematic method for designating various types of soil. Enables useful engineering conclusions to be made about soil properties. Provides a common language for the transmission of information. Permits the precise presentation of boring records and test results.
Object of soil classification Is to provide a soil NAME and symbol, e.g. GRAVEL is G, based on the results of simple and quick to perform (therefore economic) key tests; 1. Particle size distribution (P.S.D.) or sieve analysis. 2. Plastic properties; Liquid limit test Plastic limit test Soil is initially classified into either coarse or fine soil on the basis of particle size. Coarse soil (Granular) Physical characteristics and appearance are influenced by the distribution of particle sizes within the soil, i.e.>0.063mm (1/16mm) A granular soil is classified according to its Particle Size Distribution. Fine soil (Cohesive) Physical characteristics and appearance influenced by cohesion and plastic properties (plasticity) associated with mineral composition and water content. The fine soil is sub-grouped according to its