Classical Approaches to Management

* Classical approaches to management include:
      * Scientific management
      * Administrative principles
      * Bureaucratic organization

  * Scientific management (Frederick Taylor)
      * Develop rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions for every job.
      * Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job.
      * Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives.
      * Support workers by carefully planning their work and removing obstacles.

  * Scientific management (the Gilbreths)
      * Motion study
        * Science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions.
      * Eliminating wasted motions improves performance.

  * Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — rules of management:
      * Foresight — to complete a plan of action for the future.
      * Organization — to provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan.
      * Command — to lead, select, and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan.
      * Coordination — to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems solved.
      * Control — to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action.

  * Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — key principles of management:
      * Scalar chain — there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization.
      * Unity of command — each person should receive orders from only one boss.
      * Unity of direction — one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective.

  * Administrative principles (Mary Parker Follett)
      * Groups and human cooperation:
        * Groups are mechanisms through which individuals can combine their talents for a greater good.
        * Organizations are cooperating “communities” of managers and   workers.
        * Manager’s job is to help people in the... [continues]

Read full essay