The Structure of Atoms
4Chapter 2: the Structure of the Atom
A) Matter 1. Matter 2 3 Element Compound 4. Atom 5. Molecule 6. Ion 7. Diffusion Is anything that occupies space and has mass. Is made up of tiny and discrete particles. There are spaces between these particles. These particles may be atoms, molecules or ions. Matter exists in three states solid, liquid and gas Is a substance that consists of only one type of atom Is a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together Molecule, Ion An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can participate in a chemical reaction. Metals and some non metals such as carbon and helium exist as atoms. Fe, Al, Mg, Au Is a group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together O2, H2 , H2O, CO2 Is a positively-charged or negatively-charged particle. Sodium Chloride, NaCl: Na+, ClOccur when particles of a substance, move in between the particles of another substance. Occur most rapidly in gases, slower in liquids and slowest in solids.
8.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter i. Solid a solid has a fixed volume and shape a solid cannot be compressed the particles are packed closely together in an orderly manner there are strong forces between the particles the particles can only vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions
ii. Liquid a liquid has fixed volume. It does not have a fixed shape but takes the shape of the container a liquid cannot be compressed easily The particles are packed closely together but not in orderly arrangement The particles are held together by strong forces but weaker that the forces in a solid The particles can vibrate, rotate and move through the liquid. They collide against each other
iii. Gas a gas does not gave a fixed shape or volume a gas can be compressed easily the particles are very far apart from each other and in a random motion there are weak forces between the particles ，the particles can vibrate, rotate and move freely. The rate of collision is greater
A) Matter 1. Matter 2 3 Element Compound 4. Atom 5. Molecule 6. Ion 7. Diffusion Is anything that occupies space and has mass. Is made up of tiny and discrete particles. There are spaces between these particles. These particles may be atoms, molecules or ions. Matter exists in three states solid, liquid and gas Is a substance that consists of only one type of atom Is a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together Molecule, Ion An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can participate in a chemical reaction. Metals and some non metals such as carbon and helium exist as atoms. Fe, Al, Mg, Au Is a group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together O2, H2 , H2O, CO2 Is a positively-charged or negatively-charged particle. Sodium Chloride, NaCl: Na+, ClOccur when particles of a substance, move in between the particles of another substance. Occur most rapidly in gases, slower in liquids and slowest in solids.
8.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter i. Solid a solid has a fixed volume and shape a solid cannot be compressed the particles are packed closely together in an orderly manner there are strong forces between the particles the particles can only vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions
ii. Liquid a liquid has fixed volume. It does not have a fixed shape but takes the shape of the container a liquid cannot be compressed easily The particles are packed closely together but not in orderly arrangement The particles are held together by strong forces but weaker that the forces in a solid The particles can vibrate, rotate and move through the liquid. They collide against each other
iii. Gas a gas does not gave a fixed shape or volume a gas can be compressed easily the particles are very far apart from each other and in a random motion there are weak forces between the particles ，the particles can vibrate, rotate and move freely. The rate of collision is greater