Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assumes that the allele frequency stays constant over time. The equation presumes there is no genetic flow, no mutation, no natural selection, random mating, and a large population. Hardy-Weinberg equation is used as a null hypothesis to determine if evolution is occurring in the species. Punctuated Equilibrium shows a sudden change in a species gene pool usually due to an environmental disaster after a long period of no change in the gene pool. This idea is demonstrated by the rise of mammals and the downfall of reptiles and other organisms.
References: Campbell, Neil, and Reece, Jane. AP EDITION BIOLOGY. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005.
References: Campbell, Neil, and Reece, Jane. AP EDITION BIOLOGY. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005.
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
12. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, or the idea that nature “selects” its survivors, has six main points. He states species populations remain more or less constant because only a small fraction of offspring live long…
- 886 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Darwin's ideas about descent with modification have given rise to the study of phylogeny, or evolutionary relationships among organisms…
- 718 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Darwin also noticed that all of the finches varied in beak size and shape, and that they were associated with various diets based on different foods. He concluded that when the original South American finches reached the islands, they dispersed into different environments where they had to adapt to different conditions; and that over several generations, the finches on different islands had changed anatomically in ways that allowed them to get enough food and survive to reproduce in their respective environments. ~~~ http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/phylogenetics_02 Phylogenetic trees, or evolutionary trees, are used today to represent the evolutionary relationships among a set of organisms, or taxa. Scientists create these evolutionary trees based on empirical evidence found through research over the years, and then use them to make predictions about unknown fossils and poorly studied species, and learn about the order of evolution. http://www.evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VIIA1bPunctuated.shtml Punctuated Equilibrium, another theory about evolution proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould in 1972, proposed that after species appear in the fossil record, they become stable and show little evolutionary change for most of their geological history in a state called stasis. It also proposed that when significant evolutionary changes are generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation. In the fossil record, both Punctuated Equilibrium and Darwin’s gradualistic changes have been observed, providing proof for both theories of…
- 1072 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
Charles Darwin’s theory states that the change in evolution is the variation in each generation and different individual surviving features with different combinations of the variable. The Individuals with characteristics that increase their probability of survival will be able to reproduce more often and their offspring will also benefit as there would be an advantage because it would be passed on to the offspring. Over time these variation of characteristics will spread through the population. (College, 2009)…
- 594 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
Charles Darwin after studying the beaks, concluded that each shape seemed to serve a purpose suited to the particular island (Lee 15). He concluded that finches who had short, fat beaks mostly ate nuts and on islands where the main food source is insects the finches had long, skinny beaks (Lee 15). Based on this evidence Darwin developed a theory that at some point in the past, one type of finch arrived at the islands and then evolved differently on each island (Lee 15). This theory is called natural selection, which ensures that traits that promote survival will win the struggle for existence (Akert, Aronson, Sommers, and Wilson 43). This theory also states that any trait that lowers our chances of survival, such as those that cause life- threatening diseases, reduce the chances that we will produce offspring and pass traits to other generations (Akert, Aronson, Sommers, and Wilson 316). However, if traits are not passed on to different generations, there would be no mechanism through which traits could reappear in subsequent generations and therefore there will be no way for a species to…
- 652 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
4. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the condition describing a non-evolving population (one that is in genetic equilibrium).…
- 1649 Words
- 7 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Natural Selection is when each generation of a species develops new characteristics and adapts more to the environment to survive. This theory of evolution caused some controversy because it contradicted the beliefs of many religious leaders. It also caused scientists studying the field to reevaluate everything that they had learned! Some people tried to use this theory to justify acts like slavery and genocide. Natural Selection was used to imply that these behaviours were natural.…
- 256 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
By definition, natural selection theory is whereby the organisms that have adapted well to the environment can survive even during the times of scarcity and have offspring. The theory involves both competition and cooperation. According to Darwin, competition and cooperation are related to power such that, in life competition will always be there where people and animals must strive for the scarce resources (Darwin 29). During the competition, the strong ones will win and take the power. Cooperation is a key factor during competition. Only those who tend to cooperate with their members have high chances of winning. Also, the interrelationship between cooperation and competition can give rise to power where those who…
- 754 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Living things adapt to their environment by variations in their genetics, which include mutation and reproduction. The traits and features that many of the species had helped them adapt to their environment and their surroundings. Many of the creatures have experienced changes in their appearance and in their bodies. The organisms have evolved from other organisms of the same species. The organisms were originally complex, but after a short amount of time, they evolved and became more complex. Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution is an effortlessly legitimate method for clarifying the procedure of Evolution. His thoughts have had a colossal effect on the world, and have altered science. Despite the fact that some do not agree with Darwin's theories, they are still deserving of acknowledgment and should be listed as one of the most clever and essential natural discoveries…
- 714 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Evolution is basically the change in the heritable characteristic or traits in living organisms which are passed from one generation to another and gives rise to diversity at every stage of the organism’s biological organisation. The process of evolution was not well understood until 19th century when Charles Darwin proposed the scientific theory of natural selection as a driving tool in evolution. The process involved both the macroevolution in which organisms went through major evolutionary changes over a long period of time and acquired different traits from different parents or ancestries and the microevolution in which a group of organisms went through minimal changes with time but the traits they acquired were typically from the same ancestor.…
- 630 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is the the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This theory is now widely believed by many people throughout the world. Charles Darwin’s theory includes the idea that fossils of extinct animals turn up where similar animals live today. Darwin came up with this theory when he discovered fossils of animals that were very similar to the animals that were living today. Darwin also observed that the Galapagos tortoise’s had different shapes of their shells depending on which island they came from. Darwin believed that these tortoises were adapting to their environment by changing their shell…
- 235 Words
- 1 Page
Satisfactory Essays -
Charles Darwin provided a mechanism for the theory of Biological Evolution, which is what separates him from previous researchers. Before Darwin’s theory of biological evolution by natural selection, the ancient Greeks were the first to attempt to understand our place in the natural world. Following the Greeks, was Aristotle, he believed that each living form had attributes that could not be altered, therefore, fitting in an ordered rank ladder, and that human beings were at the top of the ladder. Before the 19th century most naturalist believed that there was a single creation event—influenced by the church’s beliefs (Stanford 17). Even then, naturalists continued to develop classifications for animals and plants. John Ray was the first to…
- 547 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Natural selection was first noted by Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution originates mainly from his observations of the Galapagos finch (Clegg, 2007) and how the species had evolved over time to best survive dependent on their environments. Darwin’s theory considers that each and every species is subject to change, evolving to better suit their…
- 1753 Words
- 8 Pages
Powerful Essays -
INTRODUCTION: The Hardy-Weinberg scheme is a way of viewing evolution as changes in the frequency of alleles in a population of organisms. If A and a are alleles for a particular gene and each individual has two alleles then p is the frequency of the A allele and q is the frequency of a alleles. The frequency of the possible diploid combinations is expressed in the equation p2+2pq+q2=1. In order for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to work five conditions must be met:…
- 1581 Words
- 7 Pages
Good Essays -
“The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.” There are 10 million to 30 million species that are yet to be discovered, described, and named. Over 2 million species had already been discovered. Common ancestors relate all organisms that are living. Back in time it was said “mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish had all shared an ancestor which was aquatic worms which lived six hundred million years ago.” Basically every single plant and animal living today had an ancestor, which arrived from a “bacteria-like microorganism, which was originated about three billion years ago. Going back to Charles Darwin, he was an English naturalist that intended that all organisms had come by evolution. He also proved and provided a scientific explanation, which he had gotten it right but at the same time was not complete. In Charles Darwin’s work he has mainly focused on natural selection. Natural selection is where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend on surviving more and producing more offspring. Another thing that had helped to find natural selection was genetics but it was not yet introduced in Darwin’s time. The evidence that made evolution possible was a little weak in Darwin’s time because the only evidence that they found was the study…
- 1119 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays