Chapter 11 Vocab
Abbasid Caliphate
Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads Al-Andalus
Arabic name for Spain (literally
"land of the Vandals"), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early 8th century C.E.
Anatolia
Ancient name of Asia Minor, part of Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that's now the Republic of
Turkey
Battle of Talas River
Arab victory over the Chinese in
751 C.E. that checked Chinese expansion to the west and enabled the conversion of Central
Asia to Islam
Bedouins
Nomadic Arabs dhimmis "Protected subjects" under
Islamic rule, non-Muslims who were allowed to practice their faith as "people of the book" in return for their paying special taxes Al-Ghazali
Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic
(1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought hadiths Traditions passed on about the saying or actions of Muhammad and his immediate followers; rank second only to Quran as a source of Islamic law hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca enjoined on every Muslim who's able to make the journey; one of the five pillars of Islam
hijra
The "flight" of Muhammad and his original 70 followers from
Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 C.E.; journey marks starting point of Islamic calendar
House of Wisdom
An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph
Al-Mamun
Ibn Battuta
14th century Arab traveler
(1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world
Ibn Sina
One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (980-1037), a
Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific (especially medical) and philosophical issues; he is often known as "Avicenna", the latinized form of his name
Imams
Leaders with high religious authority in Shia Islam. 12 imams of early Shia Islam were
Muhammad's
Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads Al-Andalus
Arabic name for Spain (literally
"land of the Vandals"), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early 8th century C.E.
Anatolia
Ancient name of Asia Minor, part of Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that's now the Republic of
Turkey
Battle of Talas River
Arab victory over the Chinese in
751 C.E. that checked Chinese expansion to the west and enabled the conversion of Central
Asia to Islam
Bedouins
Nomadic Arabs dhimmis "Protected subjects" under
Islamic rule, non-Muslims who were allowed to practice their faith as "people of the book" in return for their paying special taxes Al-Ghazali
Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic
(1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought hadiths Traditions passed on about the saying or actions of Muhammad and his immediate followers; rank second only to Quran as a source of Islamic law hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca enjoined on every Muslim who's able to make the journey; one of the five pillars of Islam
hijra
The "flight" of Muhammad and his original 70 followers from
Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 C.E.; journey marks starting point of Islamic calendar
House of Wisdom
An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph
Al-Mamun
Ibn Battuta
14th century Arab traveler
(1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world
Ibn Sina
One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (980-1037), a
Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific (especially medical) and philosophical issues; he is often known as "Avicenna", the latinized form of his name
Imams
Leaders with high religious authority in Shia Islam. 12 imams of early Shia Islam were
Muhammad's