case study
LONG TERM ORIENTATION (LTO) VERSUS SHORT TERM ORIENTATION (STO)
(Revised on Thursday, October 10, 2013)
First open this file:
The Confucius Connection.pdf (written by Geert Hofstede and Michael Harris Bond in 1988)
Reference: Hofstede, G. and Bond, M.H. (1988). The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to
Economic Growth. Organizational Dynamics, volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 5-21.
First called "Confucian Dynamism" , it describes societies' time horizon.
Long term oriented societies attach more importance to the future. They foster pragmatic values oriented towards rewards, including persistence, saving and capacity for adaptation.
Whereas, in short term oriented societies, values promoted are related to the past and the present, including steadiness, respect for tradition, preservation of one's face, reciprocation1 and fulfilling social obligations2. Requirement: First read the complete article in detail then feel free to discuss either on EDMODO on in your respective class.
INDULGENCE VERSUS RESTRAINT (IVR)
The extent to which member in society try to control their desires and impulses. Whereas indulgent societies have a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun, restrained societies have a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict norms.
1
The nor m of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms. The social norm of reciprocity often takes different forms in different areas of social life, or in different societies . All of them, however, are distinct from related ideas such as gratitude, the Golden Rule, or mutual goodwill. See Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) for an analysis of the concepts involved.
2
Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an
(Revised on Thursday, October 10, 2013)
First open this file:
The Confucius Connection.pdf (written by Geert Hofstede and Michael Harris Bond in 1988)
Reference: Hofstede, G. and Bond, M.H. (1988). The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots to
Economic Growth. Organizational Dynamics, volume 16, Issue 4, pp. 5-21.
First called "Confucian Dynamism" , it describes societies' time horizon.
Long term oriented societies attach more importance to the future. They foster pragmatic values oriented towards rewards, including persistence, saving and capacity for adaptation.
Whereas, in short term oriented societies, values promoted are related to the past and the present, including steadiness, respect for tradition, preservation of one's face, reciprocation1 and fulfilling social obligations2. Requirement: First read the complete article in detail then feel free to discuss either on EDMODO on in your respective class.
INDULGENCE VERSUS RESTRAINT (IVR)
The extent to which member in society try to control their desires and impulses. Whereas indulgent societies have a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun, restrained societies have a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict norms.
1
The nor m of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms. The social norm of reciprocity often takes different forms in different areas of social life, or in different societies . All of them, however, are distinct from related ideas such as gratitude, the Golden Rule, or mutual goodwill. See Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) for an analysis of the concepts involved.
2
Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an