Carnatic Music Theory I
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Music Theory
Year I - Carnatic Music 2009
Sri Bhakta Ramadasa Government College of Music & Dance Secunderabad
Technical Terms
Sangeetham is an Indian term for Music. A group of musical sounds, which are called swaras that give melody and pleasant feelings to the ears, is called Sangeetham. Ancient writers hold the view that vocal music, instrumental music and dance together constituted sangeetham. Later, dance was separated from the first two. Shruthi is an audible sound which can be heard distinctly. It is a musical sound which a well trained human ear is capable of distinguishing. It is the Key note or Adhara Shadjam, based on which all other Swaras are derived. Swara is a musical note which is pleasing to the ears. There are seven basic swaras, known as Saptha Swaras. They are 1. Shadjam (shortly - Sa) 2. Rishabham (Ri) 3. Ghandaram (Ga) 4. Madhyamam (Ma) 5. Panchamam (Pa) 6. Dhaivatham (Dha) 7. Nishadham (Ni) Dwadasa Swarasthanas Out of the seven swaras, Shadjam (Sa) and Panchamam (Pa) are constant. They are called Achala Swaras. The remaining five swaras admit varieties and they are called Chala Swaras. In combination, both Achala and Chala swaras yield 12 different musical notes and they are called Dwadhasa Swarasthanas. The Dwadasa Swarasthanas are 1. Shadjam......................................Sa 2. Suddha Rishabam.......................Su Ri 3. Chatusruthi Rishabam.................Cha Ri 4. Sadharana Gandharam...............Sa Ga 5. Anthara Ghandaram...................An Ga 6. Suddha Madhyamam..................Su Ma 7. Prathi Madhyamam.....................Pra Ma 8. Panchamam................................Pa 9. Suddha Dhaivatham...................Su Dha 10.Chatusruthi Dhaivatham.............Cha Dha 11.Kaisiki Nishadham......................Kai Ni 12.Kakali Nishadham.......................Ka Ni2 Arohana – Series of Swaras in the ascending order of pitch. Avarohana
Music Theory
Year I - Carnatic Music 2009
Sri Bhakta Ramadasa Government College of Music & Dance Secunderabad
Technical Terms
Sangeetham is an Indian term for Music. A group of musical sounds, which are called swaras that give melody and pleasant feelings to the ears, is called Sangeetham. Ancient writers hold the view that vocal music, instrumental music and dance together constituted sangeetham. Later, dance was separated from the first two. Shruthi is an audible sound which can be heard distinctly. It is a musical sound which a well trained human ear is capable of distinguishing. It is the Key note or Adhara Shadjam, based on which all other Swaras are derived. Swara is a musical note which is pleasing to the ears. There are seven basic swaras, known as Saptha Swaras. They are 1. Shadjam (shortly - Sa) 2. Rishabham (Ri) 3. Ghandaram (Ga) 4. Madhyamam (Ma) 5. Panchamam (Pa) 6. Dhaivatham (Dha) 7. Nishadham (Ni) Dwadasa Swarasthanas Out of the seven swaras, Shadjam (Sa) and Panchamam (Pa) are constant. They are called Achala Swaras. The remaining five swaras admit varieties and they are called Chala Swaras. In combination, both Achala and Chala swaras yield 12 different musical notes and they are called Dwadhasa Swarasthanas. The Dwadasa Swarasthanas are 1. Shadjam......................................Sa 2. Suddha Rishabam.......................Su Ri 3. Chatusruthi Rishabam.................Cha Ri 4. Sadharana Gandharam...............Sa Ga 5. Anthara Ghandaram...................An Ga 6. Suddha Madhyamam..................Su Ma 7. Prathi Madhyamam.....................Pra Ma 8. Panchamam................................Pa 9. Suddha Dhaivatham...................Su Dha 10.Chatusruthi Dhaivatham.............Cha Dha 11.Kaisiki Nishadham......................Kai Ni 12.Kakali Nishadham.......................Ka Ni2 Arohana – Series of Swaras in the ascending order of pitch. Avarohana