Preview

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1500 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates, Proteins, lipids, and nucleic Acid
Lab Exercise 6
Date: 9/17/12
Bio 102-11

Purpose the purpose of this experiment was to perform test to detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Explain the importance of a positive and a negative control in biochemical test. Use biochemical test to identify an unknown compound.
Background
Most organic compounds in living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids they are called macromolecules. Each of these macromolecules is made of smaller subunits. These subunits are linked by dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is an energy requiring process in which a molecule of water is removing and the two subunits are boded covalently. This energy releasing process is called hydrolysis. The subunits of macromolecules are held together by covalent bonds and have different structure and properties. For example, lipids made of fatty acids have many C-H bonds and relatively little oxygen; while proteins are made of amino acids have groups NH2 and carboxyl groups.
In an experiment we have two or more treatments, an unknown solution to be identified, and two controls to provide standard for comparison, a positive controls and a negative control. The positive control contain the variable for which you are testing, it react positively and demonstrates that test’s ability to detect what you expect. For example if you testing for protein is a solution known to contain protein, a positive reaction shows that your test reacts correctly, it ‘also shows you what a positive test look like. A negative control does not contain the variable for which you are searching. It contains only the solvent often distilled water with no solute and does not react in the test. A negative control shows you what a negative result looks like.
Carbohydrates are molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 the chemical formula for glucose is C6 H12 O6.

Carbohydrates are

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Biochemistry Quiz

    • 528 Words
    • 2 Pages

    1. Explain how carbon’s electron configuration and valence result in its ability to form large and complex organic molecules. These covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple bonds, but one carbon atom is limited to only 4 covalent bonds. It can bond with other carbon atoms and different atoms (H, O, N, P, S) to form long chains, ring shaped molecules, and branched/irregular shapes.…

    • 528 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are macro-nutrient that provides energy for the body; the energy gives our cell which helps our oxygen and nutrients to function when we sleep.…

    • 1224 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Atkins or fadkins

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Carbohydrates: any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2/1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.…

    • 349 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The dehydration synthesis process is the process by which all organic compounds are bonded. The dehydration synthesis process takes the hydrogen (H) of one monomer, and the hydroxyl (OH) group of the another combines them to form water. With the removal of the water molecule, the two monomers are now able to make covalent bonds with each other and share electrons. Simply, the two monomers are being dehydrated to synthesize a bigger molecule. This process takes place in an enzyme that allows the process to quickly occur and create large strings of monomers, creating poly______ of the specific macromolecule. The reversion of this process is the process called hydrolysis. This process adds water back into the monomers, forcing them to break off…

    • 222 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Which means a Carbon atom can form chains and rings onto which other atoms can be attached, which leads to a formation of large number of different compounds. For example Fatty acids contain the COOH group which is attached to hydrocarbon chain or ring. Organic compounds always contain carbon along with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates Example os carbohydrates are Alcohol, sugar, fat, protein etc..Most of the living organisms are made of Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates use carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The examples of carbohydrates are sugar, starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Carbohydrates are source of energy in the living organisms. Proteins are the combination of Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Amino acids are the building blocks of the proteins. The sequence of Amino acid in protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in genetic code. In general, genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids. Examples of proteins are hemoglobin, which is found in red blood cells and carry oxygen to all the cells of body. Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.…

    • 1039 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are very important in the acquiring and using of energy. Sugars are the most simple of the carbohydrate…

    • 508 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The solvents used in this test were: in water, baking soda, vegetable oil, skim milk, whip cream, and the unknown solution. There were two ways for the students to determine which molecules were present for each substances tested. First, the presence of lipids turns the indicator from a pink to red colour (Testing for Macromolecules, 2015). Secondly, the control mixture provided great examples of negative result.…

    • 826 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    There were several controls in this experiment: the positive control and the negative control, as well as the experiment control and the…

    • 1134 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Its atom makes up includes carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) [Cn(H2O)n]. Most common sugars create a 1:2:1 ratio of C, H, and O. Carbohydrates can also be alpha-glucose, which are edible energy sources or beta-glucose, which…

    • 1000 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Human Body

    • 1150 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which appears in a ratio of 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are classified according to size as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The primary function of carbohydrates is to serve as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are some of the most numerous molecules in living organisms. They play a major role…

    • 1150 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Carbohydrates are made up of molecules called saccharides (another term for sugar.) Simple saccharides contain 1 or 2 molecules and are called monosaccharides or disaccharides, or, more commonly, sugars. Oligosaccharides…

    • 240 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Carbohydrates have two major functions in plants and animals: they serve as fuel and building material. Plants store most of their energy in the form of starch. Starch is a polysaccharide (consisting of several conjoined sugars). Synthesizing starch enables the plant to stockpile surplus glucose, and since glucose is a major cellular fuel, starch represents stored energy. The sugar can later be withdrawn by hydrolysis, which breaks the bonds between monomers. Animals, in turn, have enzymes that can hydrolyze plant starch, making glucose available as a nutrient for cells. Cellulose, on the other hand, is used in plant cells for structural support. For example, wood is a strong building material that is rich in cellulose. Like starch, cellulose is a polymer of glucose, but cellulose is composed of beta glucose (as opposed to alpha glucose in starch). Beta glucose forms chains with extra hydrogen bonds on top of each other, making extra-tough microfibrils that cannot be digested by most organisms.…

    • 514 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Aerobic Respiration

    • 274 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Here is a molecular model of a glucose molecule. You do not need to memorise the diagram for you GCSE exam, but it should help you to understand that a molecule of glucose contains six atoms of Carbon (shown in blue), twelve atoms of Hydrogen (shown in green), and six atoms of Oxygen (shown in red).…

    • 274 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Glucose and Carbohydrates

    • 555 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose, which is a major fuel for all of the body's cells and the only source of energy for the brain and red cells. Except for fiber, which cannot be digested, both simple and complex carbohydrates are converted into glucose. The glucose is then either used directly to provide energy for the body, or stored in the liver for future use. When a person consumes more calories than the body is using, a portion of the carbohydrates consumed may also be stored in the body as fat.…

    • 555 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Carbohydrates-Compounds containing principally carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1. Are a group of organic compounds in foods and living tissues and consist of sugars, starch, and cellulose. They can be broken down to release energy in the body…

    • 1050 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays