Building and Entry for Bilingual Dictionaries
Basic elements of building a bilingual dictionary.
Dictionaries may be classified by many criteria, some of these obvious to everyone, for example size, language, others may more complex and field based. Perspective is based on how the compiler views the work and what approach is taken. Firstly is the work diachronic (covering an extended time) or synchronic. Secondly- how it is organized- alphabetically, by sound, by concept or by some other criteria. (Jarošová 2000: 12-28) And thirdly, is the level of tone detached- is it perceptive or inventive and witty.
According to Martínez de Sousa and his „Diccionario de Lexicografía Práctica” a bilingual dictionary is a “plurilingual dictionary which registers the equivalences of meanings in two languages”. Bilingual dictionaries have become an essential part of daily economic, cultural and intellectual routine. (Online 3) The concept of a bilingual dictionary seems to be simple. It is a dictionary which associates words of language L1 with words of L2 in offering two word lists: * one list of L1 words, accompanied by their equivalents in L2, * one list of L2 words, accompanied by their equivalents in L1. (Online 2)
A systematic approach to the study of what a bilingual dictionary does and how it does it must take account of the following aspects of the entry: * function of that information (what the user can use it for) * mode of expression (how it is expressed) * type of user (Source Language (SL) speaker or Target Language (TL) speaker * purpose of use (encoding-decoding) (Atkins, 1996: 515-546).
Bilingual dictionaries are usually diachronic and arranged in alphabetical order. The most obvious difference between monolingual and bilingual dictionaries is one is in two languages, it consists of alphabetical list of words (or expressions) in „source” language and for which an exact equivalents are given in another- „target” language. (Jarošová 2000: 12-28) The purpose of such dictionary is
Dictionaries may be classified by many criteria, some of these obvious to everyone, for example size, language, others may more complex and field based. Perspective is based on how the compiler views the work and what approach is taken. Firstly is the work diachronic (covering an extended time) or synchronic. Secondly- how it is organized- alphabetically, by sound, by concept or by some other criteria. (Jarošová 2000: 12-28) And thirdly, is the level of tone detached- is it perceptive or inventive and witty.
According to Martínez de Sousa and his „Diccionario de Lexicografía Práctica” a bilingual dictionary is a “plurilingual dictionary which registers the equivalences of meanings in two languages”. Bilingual dictionaries have become an essential part of daily economic, cultural and intellectual routine. (Online 3) The concept of a bilingual dictionary seems to be simple. It is a dictionary which associates words of language L1 with words of L2 in offering two word lists: * one list of L1 words, accompanied by their equivalents in L2, * one list of L2 words, accompanied by their equivalents in L1. (Online 2)
A systematic approach to the study of what a bilingual dictionary does and how it does it must take account of the following aspects of the entry: * function of that information (what the user can use it for) * mode of expression (how it is expressed) * type of user (Source Language (SL) speaker or Target Language (TL) speaker * purpose of use (encoding-decoding) (Atkins, 1996: 515-546).
Bilingual dictionaries are usually diachronic and arranged in alphabetical order. The most obvious difference between monolingual and bilingual dictionaries is one is in two languages, it consists of alphabetical list of words (or expressions) in „source” language and for which an exact equivalents are given in another- „target” language. (Jarošová 2000: 12-28) The purpose of such dictionary is
References: 1. Al Kasimi, Ali M. Linguistics and bilingual dictionaries. Brill Archive, 1977. 2. Atkins B. T. Sue, Rundell Michael. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. International Computer Science Institute and Macmillan Publishers. Oxford University Press, 2008, 540p. 3. Atkins, Beryl T. Sue. "Bilingual dictionaries: Past, present and future." EURALEX '96 Proceedings. Göteborg: Department of Swedish, Göteborg University (1996): 515-546. 4. Jarošová, Alexandra. "Problems of semantic subdivisions in bilingual dictionary entries." International Journal of Lexicography 13.1 (2000): 12-28 5. Mangeot, Mathieu, and Antoine Chalvin. "Dictionary Building with the Jibiki Platform: the GDEF case." Proc. of LREC 2006. 2006. 6. Smadja Frank. “Translating collocations for bilingual lexicons: a statistical approach.” Journal Computational Linguistics Volume 22 Issue 1, March 1996. 1-38 Internet sources: 1. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_item [Accessed June 3, 2013 ] 2. Available from: http://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/lexicography/index.html?http://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/lexicography/bilingual_dictionary.html [Accessed June 3, 2013 ] 3. Ali M. Al Kasimi. Linguistics and Bilingual Dictionaries. Brill Archive, 1977. Available from http://books.google.lv/books?id=MCgVAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false [Accessed June 3, 2013 ]